Industrial Microbiology

Question 1

When are primary metabolites produced?

Answer 1

During the exponential phase

Question 2

When are secondary metabolites produced?

Answer 2

At the end of the growth, near the stationary phase

Question 3

In industrial microbiology, what does fermentation refer to?

Answer 3

Any large-scale microbial process (aerobic or anaerobic)

Question 4

When is alcohol produced? Is it a primary or secondary metabolite?

Answer 4

• Primary metabolite

- During the exponential phase

Question 5

When are antibiotics produced? Is it a primary or secondary metabolite?

Answer 5

• Secondary metabolite

- At the end of the growth, near the stationary phase

Question 6

What is not suitable for industrial microbiology?

Answer 6

Wild-type strains

Question 7

What type of microorganisms do we use in industrial microbiology?

Answer 7

Spontaneous mutants that overproduce the desired metabolites

Question 8

Spontaneous mutants are very useful in the production of what?

Answer 8

Amino acids

Question 9

What are genetically modified organisms?

Answer 9

Cloned genes expressed in bacteria or yeasts

Question 10

Genetically modified organisms are very useful in what? (2)

Answer 10

• Human insulin

- Variety of enzymes (rennin)