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Toxicology Lec > Industrial Poisons > Flashcards

Industrial Poisons Flashcards

1
Q

An irritant gas with properties similar to those of chlorine

A

Chloramines gas

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2
Q

Method of Toxicity of Ammonia

A

Liquefaction necrosis

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3
Q

A colorless hydride gas formed when arsenic comes in contact with hydrogen or with reducing agents

A

Arsine

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4
Q

Atmospheric particulate that causes asbestosis

A

Asbestos

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5
Q

Use in automobile air bags, causes poisoning by cellular asphyxiation

A

Azide, sodium

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6
Q

A constituent by product in gasline and its conversion into a toxic metabolite affects the hematopoietic system

A

Benzene

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7
Q

Widely used solvent in laboratory settings; a metabolite of the drug disulfiram and is a spontaneous breakdown product of the metam sodium

A

Carbon disulfide

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8
Q

Colorless, odorless, tasteless and non - irritating gas produced by the incomplete combustion of any carbon contaning material

A

Carbon monoxide

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9
Q

Now used mainly as an intermediate in chemical manufacturing

A

Tetrachloromethane / CCl4

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10
Q

Chlorinated HC solvent, raw material in the production of Freon, extractant, solvent in the pharmaceutical industry

A

CHCl3 / trichloromethane

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11
Q

Treatment for trichloromethane

A

N- acetylcysteine

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12
Q

Cause immediate coagulation - type necrosis that tends to self - limit further damage

A

Acids

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13
Q

Cause a liquefaction necrosis with saponifaction and continued penetration into deeper tissues result in extensive damage

A

Alkalies

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14
Q

Used in toothpastes and antiseptic mouthwashes, potent oxidizing agents that may produce sever methemoglobinemia, intravascular hemolysis and gastrointestinal irritation

A

Chlorates

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15
Q

Caused by hemolysis in chlorates

A

Renal failure

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16
Q

Highly toxic chemical with a variety of uses including chemical synthesis, laboratory analysis and metal plating

A

Cyanide

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17
Q

Used in plastic manufacturing are metabolized to CN

A

Alipathic nitriles (acrylonitrile and propionitrile)

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18
Q

Releases cyanide on exposure to light or trough metabolism

A

Nitroprusside

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19
Q

A component of some artificial nail glue removers and had caused several pediatric deaths

A

Acetonitrile

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20
Q

Gas easily generated by mixing acid with CN salts and is a common combustion by-product of burning plastics

A

HCN

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21
Q

Mechanism of Toxicity of HCN

A

Chemical asphyxiant

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22
Q

Treatment of HCN toxicity

A

Cyanide antidote package and hydroxocobalamin

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23
Q

Frequently ingested recreationally, and is the most co-ingestant with other drugs in suicide attempts

A

Ethanol

24
Q

Mechanism of toxicity of ethanol

A

CNS depression and hypoglycemia

25
Q

Treatment for Ethanol toxicity

A

Disulfiram, vitamin B1 and sodium bicarbonate

26
Q

Primary ingredient in antifreeze

A

Ethylene glycol

27
Q

MOT of Ethylene Glycol

A

Metabolism to formic and oxalic acid

28
Q

Treatment for Ethylene glycol toxicity

A

Ethanol / Fomepizole
Folic acid and leucovorin
Thiamine and pyridoxine

29
Q

Highly penetrating flammable gas widely used as a sterilizer of medical equipment and supplies

A

Ethylene Oxide

30
Q

MOT of Ethylene Oxide

A

Alkylating agents that reacts directly with proteins and DNA to cause cell death and a potent mucous membrane

31
Q

Used in automobile wheel cleaners, glass etching solutions’ insecticide, rodenticide and used to prevent dental caries

A

Flouride liberating chemicals

32
Q

Signs and symptoms of Fluoride

A

Tooth mottling and Skeletal flourosis

33
Q

Treatment for Fluoride toxicity

A

Calcium gluconate and magnesium sulfate

34
Q

MOT of formaldehyde

A

Metabolism to formic acid and coagulation necrosis

35
Q

Treatment for formaldehyde toxicity

A

Folic acid, sodium bicarbonate and ammonia salts

36
Q

Widely used as solvents, degreasers, fuels and lubricants. Includes petroleum distillation, most common is kerosene and gasoline

A

Hydrocarbons

37
Q

MOT of hydrocarbons

A

Pulmonary aspiration that leads to direct lung injury

38
Q

Treatment for hydrocarbon toxicity

A

Mineral Oil / Glycerin

39
Q

Produced naturally by decaying organic matter and is also a by-product of many industrial processes

A

Hydrogen sulfide / Pit gas / Stink Damp

40
Q

MOT of Hydrogen sulfide / Pit gas / Stink damp

A

Cellular asphyxiant and mucous membrane irritant

41
Q

Used as a solvent, an antiseptic and a disinfectant and is commonly available in the home as a 70% solution

A

Isopropyl alcohol

42
Q

The terms abusers use for isopropyl alcohol

A

Blue heaven

43
Q

Common ingredient in many solvents, windshield washing solution, duplicating fluids and paint removers

A

Methanol / Wood Alcohol

44
Q

Used as an ethanol substitute by alcoholics

A

Methanol / Wood Alcohol

45
Q

MOT of Methanol

A

Oxidation to formaldehyde then to formic acid

46
Q

Common ingredients in diaper, pail and toilet bowl deodorizers and moth repellants

A

Naphthalene and Paradichorobenzene

47
Q

MOT of Naphthalene and Paradichlorobenzene

A

Hemolysis and Irritant

48
Q

Used as bleaches, metal cleaners and rust removers and in chemical synthesis and leather tanning; remove stains of KMnO4

A

Oxalic Acid and Oxalates

49
Q

MOT of Oxalic Acid

A

Irritant, corrosive and sequestration of calcium resulting to a precipitate of the insoluble calcium oxalate salt

50
Q

Treatment for Oxalic Acid

A

Calcium gluconate / Calcium chloride 10%

51
Q

Originally manufactured as a war gas, and now used in the manufacture of dyes, resins and pesticides

A

Phosgene

52
Q

Colorless, non flammable formed by burning the materials that contain sulfur, soluble in water to form sulfuours acid which maybe oxidized to sulfuric acid, both are components of acid rain

A

Sulfur dioxide

53
Q

Soft metal that quickly oxidizes upon exposure to the air

A

Thallium

54
Q

Signs and symptoms of Thallium toxicity

A

Hair loss and nail distrophy

55
Q

Treatment for Thallium Toxicity

A

Prussian blue

56
Q

The addition of this to chlorine or hypochlorite solutions will produce chloramines

A

Ammonia

Toxicology Lec (3 decks)

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