Industrial Revolution Flashcards
(26 cards)
What were the 19th-century movements that unified Germany and Italy into single nations?
German and Italian Unification
Leaders like Otto von Bismarck (Germany) and Giuseppe Garibaldi (Italy) played key roles.
What major changes did the Neolithic Revolution and Industrial Revolution both lead to?
New technologies and economic growth
They shifted people from traditional ways of living to more advanced societies.
What is the Agricultural Revolution?
A period of farming improvements that increased food production
It helped support population growth and urbanization.
What characterized the Industrial Revolution?
A shift from hand-made goods to machine-based production
It led to urbanization and new economic systems.
What period is known as Victorian England?
The period during Queen Victoria’s reign (1837–1901)
It was marked by industrial growth, strict social values, and British global influence.
Who was Thomas Malthus?
An economist who believed population growth would outpace food supply
This belief led to concerns about poverty.
What did Charles Dickens write about?
The struggles of the poor during the Industrial Revolution
He is a famous British writer.
Who co-wrote The Communist Manifesto?
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels
Karl Marx is also known for founding communism.
What did Adam Smith promote in The Wealth of Nations?
Capitalism and free markets
He is considered a key figure in economics.
Define urbanization.
The growth of cities as people move from rural areas.
What does rural refer to?
Relating to the countryside rather than cities.
What does abundant mean?
A large or plentiful amount of something.
What are oppressors?
People or groups who keep others down with unfair power.
Define industrialization.
The development of industries and factories in a country.
What does it mean to exploit?
To take advantage of someone or something unfairly.
What is communism?
A system where wealth and property are shared equally among people.
Define capitalism.
An economic system where businesses are privately owned and compete for profit.
What does laissez-faire mean?
A policy of minimal government interference in business.
What are natural laws?
Basic principles that govern nature and human behavior.
What is Marxism?
The political and economic ideas of Karl Marx, supporting communism.
Who are proletarians?
The working-class people who earn wages.
What is a dispensary?
A place where medicines or medical treatment are given.
What is Parliament?
A government body that makes laws, especially in the UK.
What does The Wealth of Nations discuss?
Capitalism and free markets.
