Industrialisation And Protest Flashcards
(51 cards)
What was the 1799 Combination Act?
It prohibited Trade Unions.
Driving labour organisations underground.
When was the Second Combination Act?
1800
Who were the Luddites?
Protesters led by Ned Ludd who broke machines. Angry at the introduction of steam powered looms damaging employment.
Name 3 Causes of Luddism
- Rapid growth of Unemployment and Wage Cuts
- Napoleon’s blockade cutting off all continental ports for British ships in 1808
- The failure of the harvest that caused high unemployment
When was Luddism a predominant?
1811 - 1817
When was the Ten Hour Movement?
It began in 1830 but lasted a 17 year campaign
What were the aims of the Ten Hour Movement?
- Children Under 9 Shouldn’t Work
* Working Day should be lowered to 10 hours
What did the 1835 Municipal Corporations Act do?
The middle class could now vote for local government
What did Edwin Chadwick’s report find?
- 687 Streets Inspected In Manchester
- 248 were unpaved
- 112 were ill-ventilated
- 253 has stagnant pools of rubbish
How much was rent?
Back house - 1s 10d per week
Front house - 2s 6d per week
Why was fresh water hard to obtain?
It was sold at a premium
How many children died in their first year of life?
3/20 Children
How large was London’s population?
2.3 million
In 1851 how many workers were there? And how many worked in textiles?
- 9.7 Million
* Only 6% of workers
By 1800 what population lived in towns and how much did this increase to in 1880?
1800 - 25%
1880 - 80%
When was the Factory Act?
1833
What did the 1833 Factory Act do?
- No children under 9 could be employed
- Children aged 9-12 worked a 9 hour day maximum
- Children aged 13-18 worked a 12 hour day maximum
- Only four inspectors to cover 4000 textile mills in the country
- Only covered textile mills
- Consistently improved by further Factory Acts
What was the Mines Act of 1842
• Banned underground employment of children under 10 and women
What was the Factory Act of 1844?
- Reiterated That Children and women aged 13-18 and women were to work a maximum day of 12 hours
- Forbid night work for women
- More inspectors appointed to enforce the law
- Prohibited cleaning of machines that were in motion
What were the Factory Extension Acts?
- Extensions to the prior Factory Acts
* By 1867 it covered all factories employing 50 or more workers
How many sales did Chadwick’s report have?
100,000 copies sold
What was the Public Health Act of 1848?
- Central boards of health
- Central boards only established in areas of a 23 in 1000 mortality rate
- But they had low Funding
What was the Sanitary Act of 1866?
- Sanitation inspection was compulsory for local corporations
- Disregard for quarantine of contagious diseases was punishable
When was the Second Combination Act?
1800
