Unionism And Cooperation

Question 1

When were the Rochdale Pioneers established?

Answer 1

1844

Question 2

When was the Trade Union act get passed?

Answer 2

1871

Question 3

When did Robert Owen take over at New Lanark?

Answer 3

1799

Question 4

When was the Co-operator Newspaper Published?

Answer 4

1827

Question 5

How many trade societies did the Chartists represent?

Answer 5

70 trade societies in 1838

Question 6

What four factors were reasons for the growth in trade unions?

Answer 6

• The Factory System
Like minded workers collected in one area

• Government Policies
Laissez Faire and The combination act (1799) banned trade unions

• Protection For Workers
Between 1750-1850 britain’s population grew from 6 million to 17 million.
Workers became replaceable

• The French Revolution
Rising food prices and national debt

Question 7

What was a strike fund?

Answer 7

Money set aside by a union to cover the lack of wages during a strike

Question 8

How long did the 1818 strike last? Why did it end?

Answer 8

• Four Months

* Five members were arrested

Question 9

When were the combination acts repealed?

Answer 9

1824

Question 10

How many members did the Grand National Consolidated Trades Union have?

Answer 10

Had over one million members before 1834

Question 11

How many members of the ‘Grand National’ union paid the fees?

Answer 11

16,000 of the One million members.

Not enough for large scale strikes

Question 12

What did employers use to prevent unions?

Answer 12

‘The Document’ in which employees had to sign, renouncing their commitment to any unions

Question 13

When the Mill Workers in Derby failed to leave their union what happened?

Answer 13

In 1834, 1500 mill workers were locked out of their workplace until they left the ‘Grand National’ Union

Question 14

What was New Model Unionism?

Answer 14

Set up to protect skilled workers.

Passive and used diplomacy, strikes were a last resort

Question 15

When did New Model Unionism emerge?

Answer 15

1850

Question 16

What was the ASE and when was it set up?

Answer 16

The Amalgamated Society of Engineers in 1851

Question 17

What was the aim of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers?

Answer 17

Support for skilled workers

Question 18

How many members did the Amalgamated Society Of Engineers have?

Answer 18

12,000, made up of workers around the country

Question 19

What was an advantage of the Amalgamated Society Of Engineers?

Answer 19

Their skilled members were often well paid. Generating the ASE income.

In 1852, they had £12,000 p.a

Question 20

What was ASE’s contribution to the London Builder’s Strike in 1859-60?

Answer 20

• Gave three donations of £1000, enabling them to hold out for 6 months
• Forcing a compromise with their employers

Question 21

What is a limitation of early trade societies?

Answer 21

Too local, looked after their own industry only

Question 22

What was a knobstick?

Answer 22

Someone who undermined a strike, through working.

Commonly irish

Question 23

By 1832, how many cooperatives were there?

Answer 23

500

Question 24

What were the three levels of a worker in the 1700s

Answer 24

Apprentice, Journeryman and Master

Question 25

Who was the Leader of the Amalgamated Society of Engineers?

Answer 25

William Allan

Question 26

What did the Friendly Societies do?

Answer 26

Supplied welfare to workers 1/3 of the population had this insurance

Question 27

How much did Britain's population increase from 1750-1850

Answer 27

6 Million - 17 Million

Question 28

During which years did Robert Owen run New Lanark?

Answer 28

1799-1828

Question 29

When were the Tolpuddle Martyrs arrester? And what was their crime?

Answer 29

1834 and swearing an oath to try and improve their wages

Question 30

How long was the working day in New Lanark?

Answer 30

12 Hours

Question 31

How did Robert Owen encourage workers to work harder?

Answer 31

Coloured blocks above their work station

Question 32

What was the TUC?

Answer 32

The Trade Union Congress set up in the 1860s.

Question 33

By 1874, how many workers had joined a trade union?

Answer 33

Over 1 Million

Question 34

Where did early trade societies often meet?

Answer 34

Local Pubs

Question 35

What did the Master and Servant act of 1823 do?

Answer 35

It made breaking contract an imprisonable offence. If a strike resulted in the inability to complete work as a breach of agreement it could result in prosecution

Question 36

Between 1857-75 how many prosecutions were due to the master and servant act?

Answer 36

10,000 per year, showing a growth in trade unionism

Question 37

What was the reaction to the Tolpuddle Martyrs?

Answer 37

An 800,000 person petition delivered to parliament, protesting their sentence.

Question 38

What did The Molestation of Workmen Act 1859 achieve?

Answer 38

Gave rights to workers who picketed peacefully However the term "peacefully" was subjective to the courts.

Question 39

What made New Lanark unique?

Answer 39

* No children employed under 10 * Reduced child working day to 10 hours * Schooling was offered to both adults and children. To aid in building character.

Question 40

What did Robert Owen believe in?

Answer 40

* Motivation through building character * All union should unite into the "Grand National Consolidated Trade Union with over 500,000 members. * Cooperative stores

Question 41

What was unique about cooperative stores?

Answer 41

Employees owned shares of the business and so were motivated through their wages being based on the business's success.

Question 42

Where was New Lanark?

Answer 42

Scotland

Question 43

What proved Richard Owen's kinder approach was a success?

Answer 43

In 1834 he maintained annual profits of £300,000

Question 44

What was the Co-operator?

Answer 44

A newspaper from 1827 that managed a large readership and advertised the ides of co-operation

Question 45

Who visited New Lanark in 1816?

Answer 45

The Tsar Of Russia Grand Duke Nicholas

Question 46

What were the Rochdale Pioneers?

Answer 46

A society that formalised the model of Co-operative business

Question 47

What were the rochdale principles?

Answer 47

The ideals for a cooperative: • Money is provided by the Pioneers with fixed interest • Market value products • Women can be members • A percentage if profit goes to education

Question 48

When did the Grand National collapse?

Answer 48

1835

Question 49

What were limitations of New Model Unionism?

Answer 49

* Too many small and localised unions * Strike funds and administrative bodies were hard to maintain * More national unions, tended to concentrate on one trade