Infecções

Question 1

Infecção fúngica - Quais os padrões morfológicos dos patógenos?

Answer 1

Levedura
Hifa
Dimórfico

Question 2

Infecção leveduras - Principais patógenos?

Answer 2

Cryptococcus neoformans
Candida albicans

Question 3

Cryptococcus neoformans - Where the organism can be found?

Answer 3

Bird feces (pigeo droppings)

Question 4

Cryptococcus neoformans - Where does the infection start?

Answer 4

In the lungs through inhaled spores

Question 5

Cryptococcus neoformans - How is the diagnosis made?

Answer 5

India ink stain

Question 6

Cryptococcus neoformans - How does the yeast enter the CNS?

Answer 6

Through hematogenous dissemination

Question 7

Cryptococcus neoformans - Patterns of lesion

Answer 7

Leptomeningeal enhancement (may be nodular)
Cryptococcomas
Pseudocysts in the basal ganglia

Question 8

Cryptococcus neoformans - Cryptococcoma size

Answer 8

Miliary (< 3 mm) or Larger

Question 9

Cryptococcus neoformans - Pseudocyst occupy which space?

Answer 9

Perivascular spaces with gelatinous material

Question 10

Candida albicans - Common in which population?

Answer 10

Patient receiving immunosuppressive therapy or with indwelling catheters

Question 11

Candida albicans - Which characteristics make the fungus more invasive?

Answer 11

The ability to shift from yeast to pseudohyphal form

Question 12

Candida albicans - Pattern

Answer 12

Microabscesses (< 3 mm)

Angioinvasion with thrombosis and hemorrhage

Question 13

Candida albicans - Uncommon patterns

Answer 13

Meningitis

Macroabscesses

Question 14

Molds - Pathogens

Answer 14

Aspergillus

Mucorales

Question 15

Molds - Patterns of invasion

Answer 15

More likely to invade the parenchyma

Question 16

Molds - Dissemination patterns

Answer 16

Hematogenic

Angiotropic or perineural spread from paranasal sinus or orbital infection

Question 17

Aspergillosis - Image pattern

Answer 17

Ring-enhancing abscesses
Hypointense on T2
Hemorrhage, stroke, mycotic aneurysm (angioinvasion)

Question 18

Aspergillosis - ADC pattern

Answer 18

Hypointense without corresponding enhancement (characteristic of fungal abscesses this finding helps the distinction with pyogenic and tubercular abscesses)

Question 19

Aspergillosis - Mecanism of angioinvasion

Answer 19

Production of elastase

Question 20

Dimorphic fungi - Pathogens

Answer 20

Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis
Histoplasma capsulatum

Question 21

Coccidioidomycosis - Image pattern

Answer 21

Thick exudate and enhancement in the basal cisterns and subarachnoid space

Question 22

Coccidioidomycosis - Vasculitis is observed in 40% of cases. What’s the pattern?

Answer 22

Small perforators vasculitis resulting in deep brain infarcts
Subarachnoid hemorrhage secondary to large vessel inflammation may occur

Question 23

Neurocysticercosis - Pathogen

Answer 23

Taenia solium

Question 24

Neurocysticercosis - Transmission

Answer 24

Fecal-oral from a tapeworm carrier

Question 25

Neurocysticercosis - When does the symptons appear?

Answer 25

When the scolices begin to die or from cysts in the ventricular system

Question 26

Neurocysticercosis - Vesicular stage

Answer 26

Small non-enhancing cyst with a "dot" inside (representing the scolex) without surrounding edema

Question 27

Neurocysticercosis - Vesicular colloidal stage

Answer 27

Ringlike enhancement on post-contrast images with surrouding edema

Question 28

Neurocysticercosis - Granular nodular stage

Answer 28

Cyst retraction with surrounding gliosis

Question 29

Neurocysticercosis - Calcified nodular stage

Answer 29

Calcification of the nodule (last stage)

Question 30

Neurocysticercosis - Multiple lesions corresponding to varying stages are typical (T/F)

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Neurocysticercosis - Cistern and Sylvian fissure pattern

Answer 31

A cluster of cysts (racemose form) without enhancement and scolices

Question 32

Toxoplasmosis - Image patterns

Answer 32

Multifocal abscesses with a predilection for the basal ganglia

Question 33

Toxoplasmosis - Enhacement pattern

Answer 33

Ringlike enhancement

Question 34

Toxoplasmosis - What's the name of the highly suggestive sign?

Answer 34

Eccentric target sign

Question 35

Echinococcosis - Image Pattern

Answer 35

Cystic lesions with signal intensity similar to CSF without enhacement Surrounding halo of hyperintensity on T2