Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Med Surg > Infection > Flashcards

Infection Flashcards

(67 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Drinking contaminate water is a risk factor for which type of infection?

A

Hepatits A

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Female gender is a risk factor for which type of infection?

A

Pyelonephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for developing cirrhosis?

a. ) Hep A
b. ) Excessive alcohol intake
c. ) Autoimmune
d. ) Acetaminophen overuse

A

Hep A - bc its acute

Chronic hep turns into cirrhosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What type of transmission precautions decrease the risk of C Diff infection?

A

Contact enteric precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for pyelonephritis

a. ) Recent antibiotics use
b. ) Blood stream infection
c. ) Previous UTI
d. ) Vesicoureteral reflux

A

A - recent antibiotic use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which of the following is the greatest risk factors for developing Hep D?

a. ) IV drug use
b. ) Exposure to virus during birth
c. ) Contaminated food and water
d. ) Hep B

A

D- Hep B

Hep D only occurs with Hep B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor or developing C Diff.?

a. ) Previous C Diff
b. ) Broad spectrum antibiotics
c. ) Hospitalization
d. ) Droplet precautions

A

D- droplet precautions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Labs that help identify infection

A

CBC
Culture and sensitivity
ESR
Lactic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ESR

A

Measure of how inflamed a person’s body is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Pt has general infection. With temp of 102.3. What should the nurse make sure they have on their food tray?

A

Protein - protein is needed to make antibodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sepsis

A

Uncontrolled inflammatory response triggered by severe infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

During Sepsis, why is the D-dimer, PT, and PTT all elevated?

A

The immune response damages the vessels cause vasodilation of all vessels, capillary leak > abnormal clotting > DIC*

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

During Sepsis, the body has little perfusion and goes to anerobic metabolism. What is the result from this mechanism?

A

Lactic acid is a by product of anerobic metabolism. Which is not getting excreted = lactic acid build up

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lactic acid build up leads to

A

Metabolic acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Pt with recent abdominal surgery. Pt. VS: BP 90/50, HR 140, Temp. 101.6, RR, 28. What does the nurse suspect?

A

Sepsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pt with recent abdominal surgery. Pt. VS: BP 90/50, HR 140, Temp. 101.6, RR, 28. Nurse intervenes. Gives fluid bolus and O2. Does not change VS. What med can the nurse give to bring up BP?

A

Vasopressor - Epi or Norepi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Normal Lactic Acid

A

0.5 - 2.2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Early Signs of Sepsis

A 
High Temp
High HR
Low BP
Low O2
Increase Lactic Acid
High BS**
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Priority intervention for pt. with early signs of sepsis

A

Antibiotics and fluid bolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

First action for pt. with early signs of sepsis

A

Blood culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Normal D-Dimer

A

< 250

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Normal BUN

A

7 - 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Normal Cr

A

0.7 - 1.4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Normal WBC

A

4,500 - 11,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Complications of C. Diff
Dehydration Worsening colitis Toxic Megacolon*** Death
26
Most concerning manifestation of C. Diff
3 or more unformed stools in 24 hr. or less
27
Antibiotics use to Tx C. Diff.
Metronidazole Vancomycin ORAL!
28
Diagnosis tool for C. Diff.
Stool test + symptoms
29
What diet would a pt. with C. Diff need?
Clear liquid diet
30
Pt. has recently recovered form C. Diff. What can the pt. eat?
Slowly advance diet from clear liquids to regular diet
31
Pt. with C. Diff has a positive blood occult stool test. What would the nurse be concerned about?
H and H levels | Need for blood transfusion
32
Px of C. Diff.
Probiotics
33
Vesicoureteral reflux
Major risk factor for Pyelonephritis | Congenital disorder - needs Surgical correction
34
What is a strict assessment the nurse should trend for pt. with Pyelonephritis?
I and Os | VS - monitor for Sepsis
35
Symptoms of Pyelonephritis
``` Flank, back, abdomen pain Dysuria/Oliguria Fever Chills N/V ```
36
What is a major indicator of kidney failure?
< 30 mL of urine an hour | Call HCP
37
Pt is taking Phenazopyridine (Pyridium) for pain from bladder spasms from Pyelonephritis. The nurse notes the urine is orange. What is the nurse's next action?
Nothing this is a normal SE
38
Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
39
Cirrhosis
Failure of the liver
40
Fuliminant
Sudden/rapid onset of hepatitis
41
Which types of Hepatitis are treated with vaccines?
Hep A and B
42
Hep A transmission mode
Fecal-oral route
43
Hep B transmission mode
``` Needle sticks Sex Blood transfusion Dialysis Maternal-fetal Open cuts ```
44
Tx of Hep B
``` Vaccine Immunoglobulin Therapy (usually for babies) ```
45
Hep C transmission mode
Blood to blood transmission | IV drug users or tattoos
46
What type Hepatitis is the most common reason for a pt. to get a liver transplant?
Hep C
47
Hep D only occurs in people with __ __
Hep D only occurs in people with Hep B
48
Hep E resembles Hep ___
Hep E resembles Hep A
49
Hep F and G are similar to Hep ___
Hep F and G are similar to Hep C
50
Common meds that can cause Toxic Hepatitis
Acetaminophen "Statin" - Hyperlipidemics Alcohol Some antibiotics and anesthetics
51
Biggest risk factor for Autoimmune Hepatits
Young women
52
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Rapid kidney and liver failure b/c very low perfusion
53
Hepatic Diet
Small frequent meals Moderate protein Low fat
54
Vitamin supplement for Hepatitis pt.?
Folic acid Thiamine Multivitamin
55
Foods High in Thiamine
``` Whole grains Fish Beef Pork Steak ```
56
Wht is the most common cause of Cirrhosis
Hep C
57
Gold Standard for confirming liver scarring?
Liver biopsy
58
Most dangerous complication of Cirrhosis
Portal Hypertension
59
Very Late stages of Cirrhosis
``` Esophageal varices Splenomegaly DIC Glucose intolerance Palmer erythema Testicular atrophy Gynecomastia Encephalopathy/asterixis ```
60
Other symptoms of Cirrhosis
``` Ascites Hepatomegaly Jaundice "Full" feeling Clay stools Amber urine ```
61
Encephalopathy is caused by an elevated of what lab?
Ammonia
62
Too much protein = ___
Ammonia build up during cirrhosis
63
Why would a pt with Cirrhosis have low H and H
B/c liver maintain cycle of making RBCs
64
The nurse is admin Lactulose what lab can the nurse expect to drop after admin?
Ammonia levels
65
What vitamins need to be supplemented in a pt. with cirrhosis?
Fat soluble vitamins | A, D, E, K
66
Why should the nurse use caution when administering a diuretic to a cirrhosis pt.?
Don't want to drop Na+ too low
67
What intervention can stop the bleeding from esophageal varices
Sengstaken-Blakemore Tube

Med Surg (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions