Perfusion

Question 1

Nitroglycerin is a ___

Answer 1

Vasodilator

Question 2

Which class of drugs can help lower cholestrol?

Answer 2

Statins

Question 3

Which of the following is a side effect of metoprolol?

a. ) yellow-green halos
b. ) Hyperkalemia
c. ) Hypoglycemia
d. ) Pulmonary fibrosis

Answer 3

C - Hypoglycemia

Question 4

A client still has chest pain after 3 rounds of Nitro. Which BP indicated it is safe to give morphine?

a. ) 82/44
b. ) 99/53
c. ) 90/61
d. ) 115/70

Answer 4

D - 115/70

Question 5

A client is taking furosemide for CHF. Which of the following labs would concern you?

a. ) Ca 8.2
b. ) K 3.0
c. ) BS 120
d. ) Na 140

Answer 5

B - K+ 3.0

Question 6

You admin clopidogrel to a client who received a stent. Why would you give that med?

Answer 6

Med helps prevent developing clots

Question 7

Which med is most important to admin to a client experiencing chest pain?

a. ) Kettorlac
b. ) Metoprolol
c. ) Aspirin
d. ) Atorvostatin

Answer 7

C - Aspirin

Question 8

Modifiable Risk Factors for CAD

Answer 8

Smoking
High LDL, Low HDL
HTN
Diabetes
Obesity
Physical activity
Stress
Excessive alcohol intake

Question 9

Unmodifiable risk factors for CAD

Answer 9

Gender
Race
Age > 45 for men
Family Hx/Genetics
Postmenopausal

Question 10

Ischemia

Answer 10

Blockage/clot in coronary vessel deprives heart of blood flow

Question 11

Infarction

Answer 11

Cardiac cells die from lack of O2

Question 12

Mi is most often caused by ___

Answer 12

CAD

Question 13

A diabetic is having an MI what type of clinical manifestations will you see?

Answer 13

None/very little symptoms related to MI b/c diabetic will most commonly show no symptoms

Question 14

What is your #1 intervention for a pt. with MI?

Answer 14

EKG

Question 15

PAD #1 intervention

Answer 15

Assess pulses and skin

Ankle brachial index

Question 16

CHF #1 intervention

Answer 16

VS and O2

Diuretics

Question 17

Normal Troponin levels

Answer 17

<0.4 ng/mL

Question 18

Normal High Sensitivity Troponin levels

Answer 18

<100 ng/mL

Question 19

Normal CK levels

Answer 19

55-170 U/L

Question 20

Normal CK-MB levels

Answer 20

0-3 mg/mL

Question 21

After a stent placement what kind of med should the nurse give the pt. and why?

Answer 21

Anti-platelet to prevent reocclusion

Question 22

What is an open heart surgery called when they graft a vein in to the coronary vessels to create an alternate channel

Answer 22

CABG - Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Question 23

TPA, Alteplase, and Streptokinase are clot-busting drugs and should be given ___ min after hospital arrival

Answer 23

30 min

Question 24

What is the major risk for giving clot busting drugs (Ex. TPA, Alteplase, and Streptokinase)

Answer 24

Bleeding risk very high

Question 25

What should the nurse do for a client who has just had a stent or CABG procedure?

Answer 25

``` Maintain best rest for 2-6 hr.*** Assess for bleeding*** Chest pain Signs of stroke Pulses, skin temp Urine output ```

Question 26

After pt. MI the pt. is being discharged. They pt. asks when he should come back to seek help. Nurses response:

Answer 26

If the site of procedure starts to bleed and if you have chest pain

Question 27

How much exercise should a pt. with a previous MI do?

Answer 27

at least 150 min. moderate intensity aerobic a week

Question 28

Ace inhibitors "-prils"

Answer 28

Decrease BP

Question 29

Losartan (ARB) ("-sartan")

Answer 29

Decrease BP

Question 30

Metoprolol Beta-Blocker "-olol"

Answer 30

Decrease HR and BP

Question 31

Side Effects of ACE inhibitors

Answer 31

Angioedema Irritating cough Hyperkalemia Tachycardia

Question 32

Side Effects of ARBs inhibitors

Answer 32

Angioedema | Renal Failure

Question 33

Side Effects of Beta-Blocker inhibitors

Answer 33

Hypoglycemia CHF Bronchospasms

Question 34

Very Nice Drugs Ca Channel Blockers

Answer 34

Decrease contractibility, conductivity and O2 demand

Question 35

Side Effects of Ca Channel Blockers

Answer 35

AV heart block Bradycardia Interacts with: grapefruit juice, Digoxin and Beta-Blockers

Question 36

What is Hydralazine

Answer 36

Vasodilator

Question 37

Nitro is a ___

Answer 37

Vasodilator

Question 38

Amiodarone and Digoxin are a ___

Answer 38

Antidysrhythmic

Question 39

A pt. is taking a "-statin" what should you report immediately to the HCP?

Answer 39

Muscle pain b/c side effect is rhabdo

Question 40

What is the main clinical manifestation of PAD?

Answer 40

Intermittent Claudication

Question 41

What are other side effects of PAD?

Answer 41

``` Pain/pallor when legs are elevated Little hair on legs Diminished pulses Ulcers Necrosis ```

Question 42

How do you diagnose PAD?

Answer 42

Ankle-bracial test

Question 43

What kind of meds can the nurse anticipate be prescribed for a pt. with PAD?

Answer 43

ACE inhibitors Ca Channel Blockers Antiplatlets Statins

Question 44

What might be a complication for a pt. with PAD?

Answer 44

Infection/Gangrene

Question 45

Pt. with PAD want to know if exercise is okay with his new condition. What is the nurse's response?

Answer 45

Ration exercise - walking is best

Question 46

What is the most common cause of CHF

Answer 46

Previous MI

Question 47

What lab will be elevated in a pt. with CHF

Answer 47

BNP

Question 48

Normal BNP level

Answer 48

<100 pg/nK

Question 49

Normal Ejection Fraction

Answer 49

55-70%

Question 50

A pt. with an EF of 35 will be classified as:

Answer 50

Heart failure with reduce ejection fraction (Systolic HF)

Question 51

A pt. with an EF of 65 will be classified as:

Answer 51

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (Diastolic HF)

Question 52

With systolic HF what happens to the heart physically?

Answer 52

Heart chambers are stretched and thin - heart cannot pump

Question 53

With diastolic HF what happens to the heart physically?

Answer 53

Heart chambers are stiff and thick - heart cannot fill

Question 54

Signs of Left sided Heart Failure

Answer 54

``` SOB Crackles Fatigue/weakness Delay cap refill weak pulses pallor ```

Question 55

Signs of Right sided Heart Failure

Answer 55

Ascites Edema JVD Hepatomegaly

Question 56

What are some med that would be prescribed for a pt. with CHF?

Answer 56

``` ACE inhibitors ARBs Vasodilators Diuretics*** Beta-blockers Digoxin ```

Question 57

Interventions for CHF

Answer 57

H - HOB elevated O - O2 via nasal cannula P - Provide diuretics (and others) E - Eliminate Na+

Question 58

What are complications of CHF

Answer 58

Pulmonary edema | Renal Failure

Question 59

Gold standard for diagnosing an MI

Answer 59

Combination of EKG and Cardiac cath

Question 60

First line Tx for pt. with CHF

Answer 60

Medications