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Module 1 > Infection Control > Flashcards

Infection Control Flashcards

1
Q

Ways to describe infections

A

Inherent or contagious
Localized or systemic
Primary or secondary
Exogenous or endogenous

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2
Q

Inherent

A

Native to the host

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3
Q

Localized

A

Controlled to one area

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4
Q

Systemic

A

Gets in blood stream

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5
Q

Primary

A

Original

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6
Q

Secondary

A

Built on it

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7
Q

Exogenous

A

Activated organism

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8
Q

Endogenous

A

Organism lying dormant in body

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9
Q

Infection

A

When a pathogen invades tissues and begins multiplying within a host

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10
Q

Colonization

A

Presence and multiplication of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

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11
Q

Communicable disease

A

That which can be transmitted from one individual to another

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12
Q

Symptomatic infection

A

When pathogens multiply and cause signs and symptoms of disease

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13
Q

Asymptomatic infection

A

When pathogens multiply but no clinical signs and symptoms are present

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14
Q

Virulence

A

Ability to produce disease (very intense)

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15
Q

Hand hygiene is the most important action for

A

Preventing infections

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16
Q

Healthcare associated infections

A

Patient came in with no infection, develops infection in hospital (Nosocomial infection)

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17
Q

Natural defense mechanisms against infection

A

Skin
Eyes
Mouth
Respiratory Tract
Urinary Tract
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Vagina

18
Q

Infectious agents (definition)

A

Microorganisms capable of causing disease or illness

19
Q

Infectious agents (examples)

A

Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
Prions
Viruses
Protozoans

20
Q

Reservoir (definition)

A

Place in which infectious agents live, grow, and reproduce

21
Q

Reservoirs (examples)

A

People
Food
Water
Hospital equipment
Animals
Soiled/wet dressings
Insects

22
Q

Portals of exit (definition)

A

Ways in which infectious agent leaves the reservoir

23
Q

Portals of exit (examples)

A

Blood
Secretions
Excretions
Skin
Eyes/ears
Respiratory (cough, sneeze)

24
Q

Modes of Transmission (definition)

A

Ways in which the infectious agent is spread from the reservoir to the susceptible host

25
Q

Modes of transmission (examples)

A

Direct and indirect contact
Droplets
Airborne

26
Q

Portals of entry (definition)

A

Ways in which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host

27
Q

Portals of entry (examples)

A

Mucous membrane
Respiratory system
Digestive system
Broken skin

28
Q

Susceptible host (definition)

A

Individuals may have traits that affect their susceptibility and severity of disease

29
Q

Susceptible Host (examples)

A

Immune deficiency
Diabetes
Burns
Surgery
Age

30
Q

In cases where C-difficile is suspected or confirmed

A

Bleach wipes MUST be used
Require 3 mins of wet

31
Q

Hydrogen peroxide (H-P) wipes may be used for

A

most routine equipment and surface disinfection
require one minute of wet

32
Q

The nurse disposes of a butterfly needle and tubing used to draw blood. The butterfly needle, if not properly disposed of, could represent which element in the chain of infection?

A

Method of transmission

33
Q

The patient coughs without covering their mouth. The mouth serves as which element in the chain of infection?

A

Portal of exit

34
Q

An IV is inserted without cleaning the skin properly before insertion. The needle serves as which element in the chain of infection?

A

Method of transmission

35
Q

The nurse does not clean their stethoscope between patients. The stethoscope represents which element in the chain of infection?

A

Method of transmission

36
Q

Fresh flowers or plants are brought into the patient room. These flowers/plants represent which element in the chain of infection? (2 correct answers)

A

Reservoir & method of transmission

37
Q

The nurse fails to wear appropriate tier 2 PPE for a patient isolated with RSV. The nurses scrubs are exposed to the RSV patient. The scrubs serves as which element in the chain of infection?

A

Method of transmission

38
Q

Workers eat unwashed fruit directly from the field. The fruit serves as which element in the chain of infection?

A

Reservoir

39
Q

A community health nurse notices containers with free standing water. The water serves as which element in the chain of infection?

A

Reservoir

40
Q

A patient is diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently is admitted to the hospital. COVID-19 represents which element in the chain of infection?

A

Etiological agent

41
Q

A patient has a head laceration that is open to air (not covered with a dressing). The laceration represents which element in the chain of infection? The wound is somewhat fresh and does not show signs of infection.

A

Portal of entry

Module 1 (15 decks)

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