Infection Control

Question 1

Ways to describe infections

Answer 1

Inherent or contagious
Localized or systemic
Primary or secondary
Exogenous or endogenous

Question 2

Inherent

Answer 2

Native to the host

Question 3

Localized

Answer 3

Controlled to one area

Question 4

Systemic

Answer 4

Gets in blood stream

Question 5

Primary

Answer 5

Original

Question 6

Secondary

Answer 6

Built on it

Question 7

Exogenous

Answer 7

Activated organism

Question 8

Endogenous

Answer 8

Organism lying dormant in body

Question 9

Infection

Answer 9

When a pathogen invades tissues and begins multiplying within a host

Question 10

Colonization

Answer 10

Presence and multiplication of microorganisms within a host but without tissue invasion or damage

Question 11

Communicable disease

Answer 11

That which can be transmitted from one individual to another

Question 12

Symptomatic infection

Answer 12

When pathogens multiply and cause signs and symptoms of disease

Question 13

Asymptomatic infection

Answer 13

When pathogens multiply but no clinical signs and symptoms are present

Question 14

Virulence

Answer 14

Ability to produce disease (very intense)

Question 15

Hand hygiene is the most important action for

Answer 15

Preventing infections

Question 16

Healthcare associated infections

Answer 16

Patient came in with no infection, develops infection in hospital (Nosocomial infection)

Question 17

Natural defense mechanisms against infection

Answer 17

Skin
Eyes
Mouth
Respiratory Tract
Urinary Tract
Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
Vagina

Question 18

Infectious agents (definition)

Answer 18

Microorganisms capable of causing disease or illness

Question 19

Infectious agents (examples)

Answer 19

Bacteria
Fungi
Parasites
Prions
Viruses
Protozoans

Question 20

Reservoir (definition)

Answer 20

Place in which infectious agents live, grow, and reproduce

Question 21

Reservoirs (examples)

Answer 21

People
Food
Water
Hospital equipment
Animals
Soiled/wet dressings
Insects

Question 22

Portals of exit (definition)

Answer 22

Ways in which infectious agent leaves the reservoir

Question 23

Portals of exit (examples)

Answer 23

Blood
Secretions
Excretions
Skin
Eyes/ears
Respiratory (cough, sneeze)

Question 24

Modes of Transmission (definition)

Answer 24

Ways in which the infectious agent is spread from the reservoir to the susceptible host

Question 25

Modes of transmission (examples)

Answer 25

Direct and indirect contact Droplets Airborne

Question 26

Portals of entry (definition)

Answer 26

Ways in which the infectious agent enters the susceptible host

Question 27

Portals of entry (examples)

Answer 27

Mucous membrane Respiratory system Digestive system Broken skin

Question 28

Susceptible host (definition)

Answer 28

Individuals may have traits that affect their susceptibility and severity of disease

Question 29

Susceptible Host (examples)

Answer 29

Immune deficiency Diabetes Burns Surgery Age

Question 30

In cases where C-difficile is suspected or confirmed

Answer 30

Bleach wipes MUST be used Require 3 mins of wet

Question 31

Hydrogen peroxide (H-P) wipes may be used for

Answer 31

most routine equipment and surface disinfection require one minute of wet

Question 32

The nurse disposes of a butterfly needle and tubing used to draw blood. The butterfly needle, if not properly disposed of, could represent which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 32

Method of transmission

Question 33

The patient coughs without covering their mouth. The mouth serves as which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 33

Portal of exit

Question 34

An IV is inserted without cleaning the skin properly before insertion. The needle serves as which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 34

Method of transmission

Question 35

The nurse does not clean their stethoscope between patients. The stethoscope represents which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 35

Method of transmission

Question 36

Fresh flowers or plants are brought into the patient room. These flowers/plants represent which element in the chain of infection? (2 correct answers)

Answer 36

Reservoir & method of transmission

Question 37

The nurse fails to wear appropriate tier 2 PPE for a patient isolated with RSV. The nurses scrubs are exposed to the RSV patient. The scrubs serves as which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 37

Method of transmission

Question 38

Workers eat unwashed fruit directly from the field. The fruit serves as which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 38

Reservoir

Question 39

A community health nurse notices containers with free standing water. The water serves as which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 39

Reservoir

Question 40

A patient is diagnosed with COVID-19 and subsequently is admitted to the hospital. COVID-19 represents which element in the chain of infection?

Answer 40

Etiological agent

Question 41

A patient has a head laceration that is open to air (not covered with a dressing). The laceration represents which element in the chain of infection? The wound is somewhat fresh and does not show signs of infection.

Answer 41

Portal of entry