Oxygenation Flashcards
Nasal cannula
Oxygen delivery
-good starting place: 2-3L/min
-1st choice (safe, simple, increased mobility)
-can dry membrane, skin breakdown
Oxygen toxicity
-can occur when a person breathes 100% oxygen for > 12 hours
-goal is to wean pt off oxygen!!
Anaphylaxis
-most severe allergic reaction
-loss of consciousness
-hives
-swelling of tongue (can’t swallow)
-swelling of throat tissues
Hemoglobin
molecule in blood that carries oxygen
Lower O2 sat =
Lower brain function
Hypoxia
low levels of oxygen in the tissues and organs
*restlessness!!
Causes of hyperventilation
-exercise
-pain
-anxiety
When are wheezes more likely heard?
on expiration
Hyperventilation
-breathing is too rapid/deep
-HYPOCAPNIC: blowing off too much CO2
Causes of hypoventilation
-decreased LOC
-medications (narcotics)
-respiratory depression
-sleep
-pain
Brochoscopy
Used to view airways and check for any abnormalities
Promotion of lung expansion
-position changes frequently (every 2hrs)
-keep upright
-increase daily activities
-ensure adequate hydration
-coughing exercises
-deep breathing
Ventilation
Act of exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide
Clinical manifestations of respiratory alterations
-cough
-dyspnea: short of breath
-chest pain
-abnormal sputum
-hemoptysis: coughing up blood
-altered breathing patterns
-cyanosis
-fever
Signs/symptoms of oxygen toxicity
-pallor, sweating, nausea, and vomiting
-seizures, vertigo, muscle twitching
-hallucinations, visual changes, anxiety
-chest pain, dyspnea
Hypoxemia
-low level of oxygen in the blood
Assessing patients on oxygen therapy
-equipment
-correct oxygen delivery device
-flow rate is correct
-respiratory assessment (vital signs, o2 sat, LOC, skin)
FiO2
Percent of oxygen a person is inhaling
-room air FiO2 is 21%
Oxygen saturation
Can be used to assess oxygen level
SpO2
Measure of how saturated hemoglobin are with oxygen (pulse ox)
Aspiration
-passage of gastric contents (fluid or solid) into the lungs
-can cause aspiration pneumonia
Prevention of Atelectasis
-early ambulation
-turn, cough, deep breath
-incentive spirometry
Hypoventilation
-breathing too shallow or slow
-HYPERCAPNIC: building up CO2
Cyanosis is best assessed in
-fingertips
-mucous membranes of face
