Infection Prevention & Control

Question 1

What are the 4 moments of hand hygiene?

Answer 1

1. Before initial patient/patient environment contact
2. Before aseptic procedure
3. After body fluid exposure risk
4. After patient/patient environment contact

Question 2

How long should hands be washed for?

Answer 2

20 seconds

Question 3

What are some examples of natural resistance/immunity?

Answer 3

-skin( not effective if cut)
-Mucous membranes ( trap foreign particles)
-chemicals like lysosomes (tears, acids)
-inflammatory response(blood flow=white blood cells=phagocytosis)

Question 4

White blood cells try to destroy bacteria at cite of cut

Answer 4

Phagocytosis

Question 5

Immunity by having been exposed
Ex. Chicken pox

Answer 5

Acquired immunity

Question 6

Immunity by vaccination (long term immunity)

Answer 6

Active immunity

Question 7

Transfer of antibodies or lymphocytes from an immune donor (can weaken over time and be short term)
Ex. Mother to child - placenta, breast milk…

Answer 7

Passive immunity

Question 8

Protein substances formed in response to specific antigens

Answer 8

Antibodies

Produced by specific white blood cells - B cell

Question 9

Any infection caused by recently recognized or feisty bugs
Ex. Ebola, influenza, west Nile, SARS, Covid

Answer 9

Emerging

Question 10

Infections originating or taking place in a hospital, acquired in hospital
Appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge
Ex. Cdiff, MRSA, COVID

Answer 10

Nosocomial

Health care associated infections

Question 11

Spread by contamination by blood
Ex. HIV hepatitis B/C, viral hemorrhagic fevers

Answer 11

Bloodborne

Question 12

Infection control system to reduce the risk of transmission of infections from blood borne diseases, recognized sources of infections and other pathogens in the health care institutions

Answer 12

Standard precautions

Apply to: blood, bodily fluids, non intact skin, mucous membrane, contaminated equipment …

Question 13

When a patient is on contact precautions, what ppe is necessary?

Answer 13

Glove and gown, mask if indicated

Put on before entering, take off gloves then gown before exiting

Question 14

What are some examples of contact precautions?

Answer 14

MRSA
VRE
C DIFF
SKIN INFECTION

Question 15

Do you need to speak to the nurse before entering a contact precaution room?

Answer 15

Yes

Question 16

What ppe is needed for droplet precautions?

Answer 16

Mask with visor, gloves, assess need to wear gown

Question 17

What are some examples of droplet precautions?

Answer 17

Influenza
Pneumonias
Respiratory issues

Question 18

Occurs with sneezing, coughing, talking, usually not more than 3 feet

Answer 18

Droplet spread

Question 19

For what precaution is the room isolated, and all doors must remain closed?

Answer 19

Airborne precaution

Question 20

What should you do before entering an airborne precaution room?

Answer 20

Clean hands
Put on N95 mask

Question 21

What are examples of airborne precautions?

Answer 21

SARS
TB
COVID

Question 22

When should the doors stay closed for airborne precautions?

Answer 22

All the time, even when patient is not in room, 1 hour after discharge

Question 23

What type of mask does a patient on airborne precaution wear?

Answer 23

Normal mask
Not n95

Question 24

Infection resistance to a specific organism that occurs after an individual has been infected with the organism or that is confirmed from a vaccine

Answer 24

Acquired immunity

Question 25

Motive transmitting infection by dust containing spores or droplet nuclei, which are particles measuring 5 µm or smaller that contain microorganisms and remains suspended in the air for long periods of time

Answer 25

Airborne contamination

Question 26

The absence of microorganisms

Answer 26

Asepsis

Question 27

An appliance used to sterilize medical instruments or other objects with steam under pressure

Answer 27

Autoclave

Question 28

Means of disease transmission in which in infectious organisms are transferred to a susceptible host by the touch of an infected individual

Answer 28

Direct contact

Question 29

The destruction of pathogens by using chemical materials

Answer 29

Disinfection

Question 30

Contamination that occurs when infectious individual coughs sneezes speaks or sings in the vicinity of a susceptible host

Answer 30

Droplet contamination

Question 31

The appearance of an infectious disease or condition that affects many people at the same time in the same geographic area

Answer 31

Epidemic

Question 32

Nonliving material such as bad linen that may transmit microorganisms

Answer 32

Fomite

Question 33

An agent that significantly interferes with the ability of the immune system to respond to antigenic stimulation by inhibiting, cellular and humoral immunity

Answer 33

Immunosuppressant

Question 34

The process of reducing the total number of microorganisms which is accomplished at three levels, cleanliness measures, disinfection and sterilization

Answer 34

Microbial dilution

Question 35

Hospital acquired disease

Answer 35

Nosocomial infection

Question 36

An infection caused by normally non-pathogenic organisms in a host whose resistance has been decreased by disorders, such as diabetes, melodious, human immuno deficiency virus, infection, or cancer or cancer treatment that causes immuno suppression

Answer 36

Opportunistic infection

Question 37

Short term resistance to infection produced by performed antibodies

Answer 37

Passive immuntiy

Question 38

Any microorganism capable of producing disease

Answer 38

Pathogen

Question 39

The process by which certain cells engulf and destroy microorganisms and cellular debris

Answer 39

Phagocytosis

Question 40

The awareness of sterile technique, and the responsibility for notifying those in charge whenever contamination occurs

Answer 40

Sterile conscience

Question 41

Specific area such as within a tray or on a sterile towel that is considered free of microorganisms

Answer 41

Sterile field

Question 42

Free of living microorganisms, the process of destroying all microorganisms

Answer 42

Sterilization

Question 43

An animal and whose body a pathogen multiplies or develops before becoming infective to a new host

Answer 43

Vector

Question 44

Any substance such as food or water that can serve as a mode of transmission for infectious agents

Answer 44

Vehicle

Question 45

Characteristics of certain microorganisms that can cause them to be pathogenic and distinguish them from normal flora. These factors enable bacteria to destroy or damage host cells and resist destruction by the host, cellular defense.

Answer 45

Virulence factors