Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

OTC > Infections > Flashcards

Infections Flashcards

1
Q

how long can cough last in acute bronchitis, how long before other sx resolve?

A

8 weeks, 10-14 days. 90% viral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who is watch and wait appropriate in for AOM

A

six months and older if appropriate follow up will be done and it is not severe or complicated (fever less than 39, not immunocomp, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is watchful waiting

A

wait 48-72 hours- if gets worse start ABX

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

main pathogens in AOM

A

strep pneumo, haem, moraxilla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

how to take penV

A

empty stomach. AE black tongue, GI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how to take cloxacillin

A

empty stomach, dosed at least QID, don’t need to adjust in renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

gram negative coverage with cephalosporins by generation

A

1- PEK (proteus, Ecoli, kleb), 2- HPEK (add haem), 3- HEN PEK (enterobacter, neisseria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

name 1st gen cephalosporins

A

cephalexin (PO), cefazolin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name 2nd gen cephs

A

Fox is a Pro at Fur- cefoxitin, cefprozil (PO), cefuroxime (axetil makes it PO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 3rd gen cephs

A

cefotax, ceftriax, ceftazidime, cefixime (PO)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which 3rd gen ceph covers pseudomonas

A

ceftaz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

name 4th gen cephs

A

cefepime (no oral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

purulent skin infections are more likely

A

staph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

non purulent skin infections are more likely

A

strep

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

most likely to cause c diff

A

clinda, ampicillin, cephalosporins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what covers pseudomonas

A

piptaz, cipro, carbapenems (except erta), ceftaz, cefipime, aminoglycosides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which suspensions don’t go in fridge

A

clinda, azith, clarith, sulfatrim. get clumpy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

which eyedrop goes in fridge

A

latanoprost

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

in meningitis, what drug regimen is given then stepped down? what changes in those over 50yo

A

under 50 worry about s pneumo, n mening, h influ. In over add listeria. Therefore if over 50, must have cefotaxime or ceftriaxone with ampicillin, and vanco (this si same for infants 6wks to 3 months) . If 50 and under,use cefotax or ceftriaxone with \ vanco

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

dose of amoxicillin (high) in kids for AOM

A

75-90mg/kg/day divided BID-TID (standard dose is 40mg/kg/day divided). If under 2, treat for 10 days. If 2 and over, treat for 5 days. Max 4g/day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

post exposure prophylaxis in meningitis

A

rifampin x4d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

adjunct therapy in meningitis

A

dexamethasone. if there are resistant pneumococcal organisms present, may be worried about decreased inflammation altering penetration of vanco, so consider adding rifampin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why can’t rifampin or fusidic acid be used alone in osteomyeltitis

A

role not known, but def can’t be used as mono as resistance develops rapidly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how to treat osteomyselitis empirically; hematogenous spread, or contiguous site, or penetrating trauma

A

hematogenous; most likely s aureus or gram neg enterics so use clox or cefaz, if from head use clinda and gent, tissue clox or cefaz, if puncture wound use FQ(to cover pseudomonas and staph)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how long do you treatAOM

A

5 days if 2 and older (high dose or normal dose amox), 10 if under 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

why would you use amoxclav vs amox in AOM

A

if thought it was h influ or m cat and there was resistance as their mechanism is beta lactamase production (ie amox clav is stable against beta lactamases)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

how to treat CAP outpatient

A

outpatient no comorbidities/risk factors; macrolide or doxy. If risk, resp FQ or HD amox with macrolide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

how to treat CAP inpatient

A

ward; resp FQ or beta lactam with macrolide. ICU beta lactam plus either resp FQ or macrolide all IV. pseudomonas suspect; beta lactam with cirpo or AG+macrolide or AG+cipro

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

good choices for mrsa pneumonia-which are terrible

A

vanco linezolid. tigecycline had increased mortality, and dapto is inactivated by pulmonary surfactant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

which macrolide shouldnt be used in the first 3 months of pregnancy, according to the product monograph

A

clarith-increased risk of spontaneous abortion possible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when do you give antivirals in shingles

A

those 50yo and older. If under 50, use analgesics and consider antivirals (but rarely get post herp neuralgia). Give f7d; vala 1000 TID, fam 500 TID, acycl 800 5xD

32
Q

antiviral dosing for cold sores (Tx, supp and proh)- acyclovir

A

acyc; 400mg 5xD x5d, 400mg BID12 hrs prior to trigger exposure, suppression 200 QID or 400BID up to 4m

33
Q

antiviral dosing for cold sores (Tx, supp and proh)- famacyclovir

A

fam;tx only; 750mg BID x1d or 1500mg as single dose

34
Q

antiviral dosing for cold sores (Tx, supp and proh)- valacyclovir

A

val; tx 2g BID x1day, supp= 500mg OD x4m

35
Q

which HIV drug requires that a patient is HLA-B negative?

A

abacavir

36
Q

who is HIV antiretroviral therapy indicated in

A

qone except those with a cd4 over 500 and viral load less than 1000 that is maintained off of therapy

37
Q

which HIV drugs have the most potential for interactions

A

nnrtis and PIs- metabolized by p450. generally nrtis have much lower potential for DI

38
Q

what are the navirs

A

PI

39
Q

what are the gravirs

A

instis (integrase strand transfer inhibitors) (integrase inhibitors)

40
Q

which HIV drugs need a booster

A

elvitagravir and PI (ie the navirs)

41
Q

what is the best studied HIB drug in preg

A

zidovudine (an NRTI)

42
Q

can you breastfeed with HIV

A

no- CI. use formula

43
Q

what is the target usually in HIV for viral load

A

less than 40copies/mL

44
Q

how to treat MSSA and MRSA endocarditis (40% of cases)

A

MSSA- clox or cefaz, MRSA or pen allergy use vanco (all for 6 weeks from negative blood culture). If prosthetic valve, do clox +rifampin+gent subbing vanco for MRSA.

45
Q

how to treat strep endocarditis (20% of cases)

A

mono with pen G or ceftriaxone, may add gent to shorten duration (from 4 weeks down to 2-count from negative blood culture) . or vanco if can’t have beta lactam

46
Q

how long should antivirals be used if they are given for influenza

A

5 days (adults or kids). Usual duration of influenza sx is 4-7 days, and this shortens sx by about 1 day. Try to start within 48 hours. Kids get adult dose (75mg oseltamivir BID) when over 40kg

47
Q

how long is deet effective vs citronella

A

deet 4-6hours, citronella under 1

48
Q

in general, prophylaxis for HIV infections includes

A

septra for PCP (ie same as tx) or toxoplasma, isoniazid and B6 for TB, fluconazole for reccurent thrush, macrolide for mycobacterium avium (azith once weekly or clarith twice daily)(with tx add on ethambtol and maybe rifampin or FQ). Generally, if cd4 over 200 for 3 months don’t need proph

49
Q

who should you treat for trichomoniasis and what are the sx. Treat partner?

A

treat qone except asxatic pregnant women. treat partner always (regardless of sx or test) (no sex until both finished tx and asxatic). Discharge often off white or yellow and frothy. Can have all other sx too (odour, itch, inflam)

50
Q

signs of bacterial vaginosis, and treatment. treat partner?

A

fishy odour and grey or milky thin copious discharge. Don’t need to treat asxatic unless iUD insertion, gyn surgery, abortion, or if she’s at high risk preterm delivery. Do not need to treat partner usually

51
Q

how do you treat a partner with chlamydia or gonnorhea

A

all partners in last 60 days get treated empirically, and no sexual contact for either until 1 week after starting tx

52
Q

how to treat trich and bacterial vaginosis

A

metronidazole po (2gx1 or 500mg BID x7d) (CANNOT USE PV FOR TRICH). bacterial vag can also use clinda pv, or metro pv.

53
Q

treatment for sinusitis

A

amox, then amox clav, reserve macrolides due to resistance of strep pneumo and poor coverage of h influ, can use levo or moxi if tx failure or allergy to beta lactams. Treat 5-7days

54
Q

doc for GAS sore throat

A

pen v- amox often used in kids due to suspensions poor palatability. cephalexin 2nd line if can, or clarith clinda or azith. treat x10d

55
Q

treating travellors diarrhea

A

FQ only. If preg or kid really needs, use azith

56
Q

when can’t you use loperamide

A

bloody diarrhea or fever ie over 38.5 as can prolong infection and lead to toxic megacolon etc. BUT can use these if taking an AB.

57
Q

how to treat mild travellor’s diarrhea

A

ORT and antimotility agents- will usually resolve in 24 hours. If have fever, seek medical help if no improvement in 48 hours despite therapy

58
Q

treatment for TB

A

isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, f2m then iso and rif f4m. If previous treatment or risk for resistance, add on 2 new drugs not used previously (FQ and/or ethambutol)

59
Q

T/F- patients with latent TB are asxatic and non infectious

A

T

60
Q

what do you treat latent TB with

A

may choose not to treat. If high risk can use isoniazid x9m- weight risk, ben, SE, etc. Rifampin x4m can be substituted

61
Q

T/F- single drug therapy is okay for active TB and can be added on in tx failure

A

F- never

62
Q

what is DOT and why is it recommended

A

direct observed therapy- for TB- due to high rates of resistance and relapse if doses missed

63
Q

when are urine cultures indicated in UTI

A

pyelo, complicated UTI (before abx therapy). Not for uncomplicated cystitis unless don’t respond to empiric or recurs in less than 1 month or pregnant.

64
Q

which types of UTI is psuedomonas more likely in

A

complicated or bacterial prostatitis

65
Q

who is asxatic screening okay in for UTI

A

preg (12-16wk) (need 2 consecutive cultures to start treating) or those about to undergo invasive urologic procedure

66
Q

what can be used for UTI proph post intercourse

A

(consider if 2 or more episodes in 6 months or 3 or more in 12);septra 1/2 DS tab, trimethoprim 100mg, nitro 100mg, cephalexin 125mg, cipro 250mg, norflox 200mg

67
Q

what can be used for long term low dose proph of UTIs

A

septra (1/2 DS tab ie 200/40) HS or 3xw, trimethoprim 100 HS, nitro 100 HS, 2nd line norflox 200mg qod

68
Q

T/F- nitrofurantoin can be used for UTI pyelo

A

false

69
Q

treatment for uncomplicated UTI

A

septra or trimethoprim x3d, nitro x5d, fosfomycin one dose. 2nd line FQ x3d or cephalexin x7d

70
Q

tx for pyelo (mild-mod and sev)

A

m-m; FQ 7-14d (2nd; amox clav, septra or trimethoprim all 10-14d). Severe; aminoglycoside and amp both IV f10-14d (2nd; FQ IV 10-14d)

71
Q

tx for complicated UTI (mild-mod, sev)

A

m-m; FQ, septra, trimethoprim, nitrofurantoin all 7-10d. severe aminoglycoside and amp 10-14d

72
Q

tx for acute and chronic bacterial prostatitis

A

acute; AG + clox + amp IV (2nd FQ IV/PO x4w), chronic FQ PO x4-6w

73
Q

cranberry juice interaction with warfarin

A

raises INR (increases warf levels)

74
Q

how to treat cystitis in preg

A

amox, amoxclav, cephalexin, nitrofurantoin (near term may induce hemolytic anemia with g6p def but rare). Pyelo in preg empric tx of choice cetriaxone

75
Q

syphillis tx

A

pen G

OTC (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions