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OTC > OTC 2 > Flashcards

OTC 2 Flashcards

1
Q

most common causes of impetigo and cellulitis

A

GAS (pyogenes), staph aureus

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2
Q

2 types of impetigo

A

non bullous- small blisters on face and extremeties. Bullous- very large flaccid blisters. See honey colored crusting lesions as they break and yellowish exudate dries

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3
Q

how to treat impetigo

A

-can be anywhere on body. Before topical AB (mupirocin, fucidin- sparingly tid for 7-10 days or until all lesions healed), remove crusts with warm water or saline compress for 10-15 min tid-qid (clean compress each time).

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4
Q

how impetigo spreads

A

lesion/fluid contact. As adult, immune system usually can fight off

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5
Q

when to refer impetigo

A

large area, very fatigued or fevered, no sig improvement with 48hr topical treatment

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6
Q

what systemic AB are recommended for impetigo? carbuncle?

A

cephalexin, cloxacillin, amox/clav if widespread, immunocompromised, valvular heart disease, systemic infection symptoms, no improvement with topical therapy tid for 48 hrs. Carbuncle- ceph, clox

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7
Q

when are impetigo lesions no longer infectious?

A

48 hours after initiating treatment

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8
Q

usual first lines for cellulitis

A

cephalexin. 2nd= clox, clinda, eryth

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9
Q

how to treat folliculitis

A

saline compress or warm washcloth, AB if persistent (mup, fucidin- tid f7d until all lesions healed)

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10
Q

what are exanthemas and what are they usually associated with and in whom? What accompanies them

A

widespread rashes, kids, viral infections. Accompanied by fever, pruritus, pain, sedation, etc.

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11
Q

symptoms of scarlet fever (second disease)

A

fever, sore throat, bright red strawberry tongue, flushing, classic scarlatiform rash (small, papular lesions like sandpaper)- skin will often peel in 7-10 days following onset of rash

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12
Q

how is ringworm spread

A

person to person, contact with infected skin cells

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13
Q

name the 4 types of ringworm and where they are located

A

corporis (smooth areas or trunk and limbs), cruris (groin, jock itch), capitis (scalp hair follicles), pedis (athletes foot)

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14
Q

how to treat tinea capitis

A

oral always, maybe selenium sulfide as adjunct. Terbinafine, itraconazole, griseofulvin

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15
Q

which antifungal accumulates in skin, nails and fat?

A

terbinafine

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16
Q

itraconazole/terbinafine is a substrate for

A

3a4/2d6

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17
Q

how to treat tinea corporis

A

topical antifungal for minimum 2-3weeks and at least one week after visual resolution. Apply 2cm beyond visible edge

18
Q

how to treat tinea cruris

A

minimum 3 weeks, dry feet last (often spread from here), topical antifungal

19
Q

how to treat tinea pedis

A

dry scaly lesions? topical antifungals onto washed, dried feet. wet macerated? dry with astringents and powders, use topical antifungals and antibiotics. Both for minimum 4 weeks and 2 weeks after condition clears. Toenail involvement requires oral

20
Q

T/F- launder clothes and linens separately if have fungal infection

A

T

21
Q

what is tinactin

A

tolnaftate- blocks cholesterol synthesis in cells, not for c albicans, good for mild scaly forms of dermatophytosis, well tolerated, can be first line for fungal infections with antifungals

22
Q

a rash that worsens with steroid use may be

A

fungal

23
Q

when should substantial improvement in topical fungal infections be seen

A

one week

24
Q

when should symptoms of a vaginal yeast infection start to clear, when eradicated?

A

clear- 3 days improvement, eradicated at 7. If persist beyond 7 days despite treatment see doc

25
Q

what virus causes chicken pox

A

varicella zoster

26
Q

how is chicken pox spread, and how long does the rash take to develop? How long are they contagious?

A

direct ontact, drops or air-rash 11-21 days. Contagious from 2 days before rash appears until all vesicles scab

27
Q

when to refer with chicken pox

A

signs of encephalitis; dizzy, stiff neck, lethargy, other CNS probs. OR 2’ bacterial infection, preg, immunocompromised

28
Q

what do you treat in chicken pox and how

A

fever and itching- baths (lukewarm pat dry, add otameal), lotions, antihistamines, astringents (burrow’s solution), fingernails short, cool cloth

29
Q

what virus causes shingles

A

herpes zoster

30
Q

how long does it take most people to recover from shingles (what complications might happen)

A

4-5 weeks- but rash may become infected, and damage to sight/hearing may happen if near eyes/ears, post herpetic neuralgia (severe pain after rash gone)

31
Q

how soon should shingles therapy be initiated and what are the benefits

A

within 3 days, reduces viral rep, limits nerve damage and inflam, decreases duration and severity of pain

32
Q

benefit of getting vaccine after shingles

A

none for pain/duration once you have it

33
Q

how to treat frostbite

A

immerse in warm water for 10-30 min (do not rub-friction can increase tissue damage), elevate to minimize edema, sterile dressing and analgesics

34
Q

how does an epi pen work

A

alpha receptor agonist (adrenaline) that counteracts vasodilation and increases BP, reduces vascular perm (decrease inflam), agonist at bronical beta receptors (relaxes), increases heart rate

35
Q

epipen doses

A

less than 30kg or child is 0.15, greater than 30kg 0.3

36
Q

T/F-increased deet concentration means better efficacy?

A

F- just works longer

37
Q

what happens when sunscreen and deet are applied together

A

efficacy of SPF reduced- reapply sunscreen frequently (no limit) an deet sparingly and 30 minutes after sunscreen

38
Q

deet in pregnancy and lactation

A

appears safe

39
Q

limits for deet

A

less than 6 mnths- none (physical barriers only), 6-24 mnth one application of less than 10% per day, 2-12 years 3 applications of less than 10% per day, over 12 up to 30% deet and as much as need. Recall stored in fatty tissues up to 1-2 months when absorbed and can result in neuro sx if too much

40
Q

NSAIDs in pregnancy

A

avoid near term (over 30 weeks)- premature closure of ductus arteriosus and increased bleed risk.

OTC (21 decks)

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