Infections - Liam Flashcards
(71 cards)
1
Q
Septic shock
A
Systolic blood pressure less than go despite fluid resuscitation
Hyperlactaemia (>4mmol/L)
2
Q
Severe sepsis
A
- When sepsis is present and results in organ dysfunction
- Hypoxia
- Oliguria
- Acute kidney injury
- Thrombocytopenia
- Coagulation dysfunction
- Hypotension
- Hyperlactaemia
3
Q
Sepsis 6
A
- Take
- Blood lactate
- Blood cultures
- Urine output
- Give
- Oxygen (maintain 94-98%)
- Empiracal broad spectrum antibiotics
- IV fluids
4
Q
Chest infection cause
A
- Viral common
- Steptococcus pneumoniae (50%)
5
Q
Chest infection antibiotics
A
Amoxicillin - community
6
Q
UTI - cause
A
E-coli
7
Q
UTI - management
A
- Duration
- 3 days for simple lower UTI of woman
- 7 days for men, pregnant woman or catheter related UTI
- Antibiotics
- Trimethoprim
- Nitrofurantoin
8
Q
Pyelonephritis - management
A
Cefalexin
Co-amoxicalv
Trimethoprim
Ciprofloxacin
9
Q
Cellulitis - cause
A
Staph aureus
10
Q
Cellulitis - treatment
A
Fluxlocaccillin
11
Q
URTI - cause
A
USUALLY viral
12
Q
Bacterial tonsillitis cause
A
Streptococcus pyogenes
13
Q
Common causes of intra-abdominal infections
A
Anaerobes (bacteroides and clostridium)
E coli
Klebsiella
Enterococcus
Streptococcus
14
Q
Abdominal infection - treatment
A
Co-amoxiclav
15
Q
Septic arthritis - cause
A
Staph aureus
16
Q
Septic arthritis - treatment
A
Flucloxacillin plus rifampicin
17
Q
Influenza - treatment
A
- Only for those at risk of complications
- Oral oselamivir
- Inhaled zanamivir
18
Q
Gastroenteritis - cause
A
- Viral most common
- Rotavirus
- Norovirus
- If bacterial
- E-coli that produces shiga toxin (E-coli 0157)
- Compylobacter jejuni (travelling)
- Shigella
- Bacillus cereus
19
Q
A
20
Q
Bacterial meningitis - cause
A
- In adults and children
- Neisseria meningitides and streptococcus pneumonia
- In neonates
- Group B streptococcus
21
Q
Bacterial meningitis community - treatment
A
IM or IV of benzylpenicillin
22
Q
Bacterial meningitis hospital - treatment
A
- < 3 months
- Cefotaxime plus amoxicillin
- >3 months
- Ceftriaxone
23
Q
Viral meningitis - cause
A
Herpes simplex virus
Enterovirus
Varicella zoster virus
24
Q
Viral meningitis - treatment
A
Aciclovir
25
TB - cause
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
26
Management of acute pulmonary TB
* RIPE
* Rifampicin for 6 months
* Isoniazid for 6 months
* Pyrazinamide for 2 months
* Ethambutol for 2 months
27
What should be prescribed with the antibiotics for TB to counter side effects
Pyridoxine to counter the peripheral neuropathy caused by isoniazid
28
Rifampicin - side effect
Red/orange urine and tears
29
Isoniazid - side effects
Peripheral neuropathy
30
Pyrazinamide - side effect
Hyperuricaemia causing gout
31
Ethambutol - side effects
Colour blindness and reduced visual acuity
32
CD4 count of what is considered end stage HIV/AIDs
\<200
33
HIV - treatment
2 NRTIs (tenofovir and emticitabine) plus third agent
34
Classes of Highly Active Anti-Retrovirus Therapy (HAART)
* Protease inhibitors
* Integrase inhibitors
* **Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)**
* Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
* Entry inhibitors
35
What additional treatment is given for HIV
* Prophylactic co-trimoxazole
* Patient with \<200 to protect against pneumocystic jurovecii pneumonia
36
HIV - post exposure prophylaxis
Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovir) and raltegavir) for 28 days
37
Malaria - cause
Plasmodium falciparum
38
Malaria - diagnosis
Malaria blood film
39
malaria - treatment
Artesunate (complicated malaria) or quinine
40
Transmission - HAV
Faecal oral
41
Transmission - HBV
Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal
42
Transmission HCV
Parenteral
Sexual
Perinatal
43
HDV transmission
Parenteral
44
HEV transmission
Faecal oral
45
What hepatitis viruses cause chronic infection?
HBV
HCV
HDV (only with HBV)
HEV (if immunocompromised)
46
What hepatitis virus doesnt cause chronic sequalae?
HAV
47
What hepatitis has vaccines
A - inactivated vaccine
B - recombinant vaccine
C - none
D - hep B immunisation
E - only in China
48
CDI - treatment
Metronidazole - if no severity markers
Oral vancomycin - if severity markers
49
Rabies - cause
Viral infection - lyssavirus
50
Rabies - treatment
Human rabies immunoglobulin
51
Brucellosis - cause
Brucella
52
Brucellosis - treatment
Long acting doxycycline and rifampicin
53
Leptospirosis - cause
L. Harjo from cattle
54
Leptospirosis - treatment
Doxycycline for mild
IV penicillin for severe
55
Lyme disease - cause
Borrelia burgdorferi (transmitted by ticks)
56
Lyme disease - treatment
Oral doxycycliene or amoxicillin or IV ceftriaxone
57
Thrush - cause
Candida fungus
58
Candidiasis - treatment
Inhalation steroids
59
Invasive candidiasis treatment
Echinocandins and fluconazole
60
Invasive aspergilosis treatment
Varicanazole and isavucanazole
61
Cryptococcal meningitis - treatment
AmB and flucytosine followed by fluconazole maintainence
62
Antifungal prophylaxis
Itraconazole and posazonazole
63
Malaria - chemoprophylaxis
Malarone daily
Doxycycline daily (not for \<12)
Mefloquine weekly
Chloroquine weekly and proquinil daily
64
Typhoid - cause
Salmonella typhi
65
Typhoid - treatment
Oral azithromycin - if uncomplicated
IV ceftriaxone - if complicated
66
Dengua - cause
Mosquito borne tropical disease caused by dengue virus
67
Schistosomiasis - cause
Parasite flatworms called schistosomes
68
Schostosomiosis - treatment
Praziquantel
Prednisolone if severe
69
Tick typhus - cause
Rickettsiosis
70
Zika - cause
Flavivirus
71
Atypical pneumonia - treatment
Azithromycin
