infections of GI Flashcards
(34 cards)
oral infections
dental caries, gingivitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (trench mouth)
CC: streptococcus mutans, strep oralis
VF: biofilms
mumps
parotitis, gopher like swelling, swelling of reproductive organs, fever, tired
CC: mumps virus
VF: syncytia
Tx: self limiting, treated under MMR
gastritis
sharp pain from the abdomen, can lead to ulcers and dark bloody stools, can also lead to gastric carcinoma
CC: heliobacter pylori
VF: urease enzyme, makes ammonia when breaking down urea
Tx: amoxicillin, tet, flagyl, clarithromycin
reiter’s symdome
urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis (can’t pee, can’t see, can’t climb a tree)
from LPS in the body, treat with anti-inflammatory
Guillain-Barre syndrome
peripheral neuropathy (paralysis), from LPS in the PNS, treat with cortical steroids
salmonella
liked to dairy and raw poultry, watery diarrhea
CC: one of the many salmonellas (G-)
VF: invasive, can hide in cells and make it to blood for shock, gets to bones and causes osteomyelitis
Tx: if it becomes systemic, use ampicillin or Bactrim
typhoid fever
invasion of the spleen and liver and blood stream
has fever, abdominal rash, chills, and neurological symptoms
Tx: ampicillin or Bactrim
shigella
intense abdominal pain, vomiting, intense straining, causes hemolytic uremic syndrome when toxin enters bloodstream and gets to the kidneys
CC: shigella sonnei, s. flexneri, s. dysenteriae
VF: shiga toxin-inhibits protein synthesis, invasive
Tx: bactrim, ampicillin, azithromycin
EHEC
tie to hamburger meat, bloody diarrhea, HUS
VF: shiga toxin and effacing lesions
Dx: can’t use sorbitol for metabolism
Tx: nothing
EIEC
bloody (streaks and flecks) diarrhea with pus
VF: invasive
Dx: cannot use lactose for metabolism
Tx: supportive treatment
ETEC
traveler’s diarrhea, watery, transmitted by fomites (dirty glasses and ice)
VF: two toxins
Tx: self limiting
EPEC
profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, infants and toddler and adults with poor immune systems
VF: pedestal formations
Tx: monitor and supportive
EAEC
chronic watery diarrhea common in young children and aids patients
VF: forms hook
Campylobacter jejuni
associated with cooked poultry, watery, vomiting, and severe abdominal pain
VF: 2 toxins
chance of Guillain-barre
Tx: rehydrate, if severe, erythromycin
clostridium difficile
superinfection, yellow mucus-y diarrhea, cramps, fever, after antibiotics
CC: G+
VF: two enterotoxins and spores
Complications: pseudomembranous colitis
Tx: discontinue the antibiotic, switch to flagyl, replacement therapy
vibrio cholerae
in water, rice water diarrhea, no pain, lose all the water
CC: gram -, comma shaped
VF: cholera toxin (AB camp)
Tx: rehydrate FIRST, ribosomal inhibitors for kids or trimethoprim
vibrio parahaemolyticus
extreme watery diarrhea linked to shellfish, cholera’s little brother
VF: invasive enterotoxin
staphyloccus aureus
white foods, creamy and processed meats, cramping nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
VF: staph enterotoxin A
Tx: nothing, recover quickly
bacillus cereus
VF: two exotoxins, emetic and diarrheal
diarrheal liked to cookmats and vegetables
emetic linked to fried rice
cryptosporidium parvum
parasitic, waterborne fecal oral, self-limiting in the immunocompetent, extreme in the immunocompromised such as aids
Dx: find oocysts
Tx: flagyl
giardia lamblia
long duration, flatulence, greasy, bad smelling stools, backpackers disease, Boy Scout diarrhea, beaver fever, fecal oral in water
Dx: two eyespots
Tx: flagyl
Entamoeba histolytica
bloody diarrhea, non-bacillary dysentery, chocolate pus
VF: secretes enzymes to dissolve tissues
can spread to the liver or spleen, amoebic hepatitis
Dx: cysts
Tx: flagyl
cyclosporiasis
explosive watery diarrhea, bloating, tight drum like abdomin, fresh produce and water with fecal
CC: cyclosporine cayetanensis
VF: parasitic, invasive
Tx: Bactrim, not flagy
rotovirus
sudden onset, watery diarrhea, abdominal pain and fever, peaks in winter
vaccine: rotatech
Dx: wheel
