Infectious diseases Avian

Question 1

If a wild bird comes into the clinic and you see it has visual impairment, respiratory distress, inability to eat or swallow, what is at the top of the differential list?

Answer 1

Avian pox

Question 2

How is avian pox transmitted?

Answer 2

Blood feeding insects - inhalation or ingestion of virus laden scabs

Question 3

What are the two lesions that birds can get from avian pox?

Answer 3

Cutaneous type (dry pox)
Diphtheritic type (wet pox)

Question 4

When avian pox has proliferative nodules on unfeathered areas of the body what type of pox is this?

Answer 4

Cutaneous (dry pox)

Question 5

When avian pox has raised plaques in oral cavity or resp tract what type of pox is this?

Answer 5

Diphtheritic (wet pox)

Question 6

Avian pox will be diagnosed by histopath, what will you see?

Answer 6

Inclusion bodies in the cell

Question 7

What would you do to control avian pox virus in the wild and captivity?

Answer 7

Wild - eliminate mosquito breeding sites/mosquito control
Captive - disinfection of equipment, screening modified live vaccines

Question 8

(T/F) Avian pox is a public health risk to humans.

Answer 8

False

Question 9

What is the proper name for duck plague?

Answer 9

Duck viral enteritis

Question 10

What type of virus is duck viral enteritis?

Answer 10

Herpes virus

Question 11

How would a duck look if they had duck viral enteritis?

Answer 11

Bloody discharges from nares, mouth, vent
(with a prolapse phallum, weakness, depression, inability to fly, convulsions, sudden death)

Question 12

(T/F) Duck viral enteritis ducks that survive will be lifetime carrier and shedders.

Answer 12

True

Question 13

What is the way to diagnose duck viral enteritis?

Answer 13

Viral isolation

Question 14

(T/F) Duck viral enteritis is a public health risk to humans.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

If a virus of wild birds is an orthomyxovirus, what is the name of the disease?

Answer 15

Avian influenza

Question 16

What type of birds are infected with avian influenza?

Answer 16

Poultry, waterfowl, other wild birds

Question 17

(T/F) Avian influenza is high contagious to domestic birds and generally does not cause a problem in wild birds.

Answer 17

True

Question 17

What is the type of influenza we worry about the most with hemogglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens?

Answer 17

Type A

Question 17

Type A influenza virus is found in what other species?

Answer 17

Swine, horses, mink, seals, whales, humans

Question 18

What are the two most common highly pathogenic serotypes of avian influenza?

Answer 18

H5 and H7

Question 19

Why is it important to know if a bird has HPAI or LPAI influenza?

Answer 19

Because HPAI is reportable and needs depopulation and LPAI is not so we should monitor but not do anything

Question 19

What would make you highly suspicious a poultry group has HPAI? What would you use to diagnose it?

Answer 19

High mortality in the group
Serology (AGID/ELISA/HI)

Question 20

(T/F) Avian influenza has a public health significance to humans.

Answer 20

True - but only HPAI, no problems with LPAI

Question 21

What type of virus is west nile virus?

Answer 21

Arthropod borne viruses (arbovirus)

Question 22

What are the three general vectors for west nile virus?

Answer 22

Mosquitos, ticks, flies

Question 23

Who are the species that are seropositive for west nile virus?

Answer 23

White tailed deer Black bear

Question 24

If a bird comes with a fever, ataxia, incoordination, paralysis and suddenly dies in your clinic, what virus should be at the top of the differential list?

Answer 24

West nile virus

Question 25

A bird with west nile virus will have what kind of lesions on necropsy?

Answer 25

Severe meningeal, cerebral/cerebellar congestion Myocardial hemorrhages and necrosis Hepatic/splenic/GI necrosis

Question 26

Why is the preferred control method for west nile virus to be insect repellent and control?

Answer 26

Because it is transmitted through vectors

Question 27

(T/F) West Nile virus has a public health risk to humans.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the organism that causes avian cholera?

Answer 28

Pasturella multocida

Question 29

Who are the hosts for avian cholera?

Answer 29

Water birds, rodents, raptors

Question 30

What is a weird finding you would see on necropsy of a bird with avian cholera?

Answer 30

Copper colored liver

Question 31

(T/F) Avian cholera has a public health risk to humans

Answer 31

True - but it is low

Question 32

Mycobacterium avium will cause what type of disease?

Answer 32

Avian tuberculosis

Question 33

Avian tuberculosis can last a (long/short) time in the soil

Answer 33

Long (spore forming)

Question 34

Why is anti mortem testing difficult for avian tuberculosis?

Answer 34

Because birds shed in the feces intermittently (endoscopy is not reliable)

Question 35

(T/F) Avian tuberculosis has a public health risk for people

Answer 35

True - children and elderly individuals and immunocompromised person at higher risk

Question 36

What is the organism that gives birds aspergillosis?

Answer 36

Aspergillosis fumigatus

Question 37

How do birds get aspergillosis?

Answer 37

Inhaling the fungus spores from contaminated environment or infected birds

Question 38

What type of lesions will birds get if they get apergillosis?

Answer 38

Multifocal, white-yellow-green nodules or plaques in the trachea, air sacs, lungs

Question 39

Since aspergillosis happens ubiquitous in environment, where would you find it?

Answer 39

Moldy feeds, straw, litter in nest boxes, discard dust, prevent access to moldy agriculture sites

Question 40

(T/F) Aspergillosis has public health risk for people.

Answer 40

True Pre existing resp distress, immunocompromised persons, allergic reaction

Question 41

What organism is avian botulism and what type is it?

Answer 41

Clostridium botulinum Type C

Question 42

What organism feeds and concentrates C. botulinum toxin and then gets eaten by birds?

Answer 42

Maggots

Question 43

When would you see avian botuslism the most?

Answer 43

Summer - warmer months due to increase of bacterial growth

Question 44

What is the main clinical sign that avian botulism will give?

Answer 44

Progressive flaccid paralysis

Question 45

What lesions will leave avian botulism?

Answer 45

No lesions

Question 46

Demonstration of maggots in ventriculus is a presumptive diagnosis of avian botulism, how would you definitively diagnose it?

Answer 46

Bioassay - toxin in mouse blood by serum inoculation

Question 47

(T/F) Avian botulism has public health risk for people.

Answer 47

False - minimal and type A and B from home canned food

Question 48

Avian vacuolar myelinopathy agent is (man made/natural occurring) toxin.

Answer 48

Both - the agent is unknown

Question 49

What are the lesions of avian vacuolar myelinopathy and how do we diagnose it?

Answer 49

Vacuolation of white matter (myelin) of brain and spinal cord Histopath

Question 50

If a bird comes into your clinic with a green stained vent, lethargic, full of impact crop, faint honk, what should be at the top of your differential list and how would you diagnose your suspicion?

Answer 50

Lead poisoning Lead levels in blood or liver tissue/Radiology is very helpful and diagnostic

Question 51

What is the organism for sarcosporidiosis?

Answer 51

Sarcocystis rileyi

Question 52

Where do the sarcosporidiosis oocysts shed from carnivores?

Answer 52

Feces - waterfowl will ingest the oocysts in contaminated soil and water

Question 53

Where will the sporozoites develop in birds of sarcosporidiosis?

Answer 53

Intestines - and then will enter blood

Question 54

_____ of sarcosporidiosis develop in blood and encyst in muscle.

Answer 54

Merocoites

Question 55

(T/F) Birds will be asymptomatic if they ingest the oocyst of sarcosporidiosis.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

(T/F) Sarcosporidiosis has a public health risk.

Answer 56

False