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Wildlife > Infectious diseases Avian > Flashcards

Infectious diseases Avian Flashcards

1
Q

If a wild bird comes into the clinic and you see it has visual impairment, respiratory distress, inability to eat or swallow, what is at the top of the differential list?

A

Avian pox

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2
Q

How is avian pox transmitted?

A

Blood feeding insects - inhalation or ingestion of virus laden scabs

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3
Q

What are the two lesions that birds can get from avian pox?

A

Cutaneous type (dry pox)
Diphtheritic type (wet pox)

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4
Q

When avian pox has proliferative nodules on unfeathered areas of the body what type of pox is this?

A

Cutaneous (dry pox)

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5
Q

When avian pox has raised plaques in oral cavity or resp tract what type of pox is this?

A

Diphtheritic (wet pox)

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6
Q

Avian pox will be diagnosed by histopath, what will you see?

A

Inclusion bodies in the cell

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7
Q

What would you do to control avian pox virus in the wild and captivity?

A

Wild - eliminate mosquito breeding sites/mosquito control
Captive - disinfection of equipment, screening modified live vaccines

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8
Q

(T/F) Avian pox is a public health risk to humans.

A

False

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9
Q

What is the proper name for duck plague?

A

Duck viral enteritis

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10
Q

What type of virus is duck viral enteritis?

A

Herpes virus

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11
Q

How would a duck look if they had duck viral enteritis?

A

Bloody discharges from nares, mouth, vent
(with a prolapse phallum, weakness, depression, inability to fly, convulsions, sudden death)

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12
Q

(T/F) Duck viral enteritis ducks that survive will be lifetime carrier and shedders.

A

True

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13
Q

What is the way to diagnose duck viral enteritis?

A

Viral isolation

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14
Q

(T/F) Duck viral enteritis is a public health risk to humans.

A

False

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15
Q

If a virus of wild birds is an orthomyxovirus, what is the name of the disease?

A

Avian influenza

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16
Q

What type of birds are infected with avian influenza?

A

Poultry, waterfowl, other wild birds

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17
Q

(T/F) Avian influenza is high contagious to domestic birds and generally does not cause a problem in wild birds.

A

True

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17
Q

What is the type of influenza we worry about the most with hemogglutinin and neuraminidase surface antigens?

A

Type A

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17
Q

Type A influenza virus is found in what other species?

A

Swine, horses, mink, seals, whales, humans

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18
Q

What are the two most common highly pathogenic serotypes of avian influenza?

A

H5 and H7

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19
Q

Why is it important to know if a bird has HPAI or LPAI influenza?

A

Because HPAI is reportable and needs depopulation and LPAI is not so we should monitor but not do anything

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19
Q

What would make you highly suspicious a poultry group has HPAI? What would you use to diagnose it?

A

High mortality in the group
Serology (AGID/ELISA/HI)

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20
Q

(T/F) Avian influenza has a public health significance to humans.

A

True - but only HPAI, no problems with LPAI

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21
Q

What type of virus is west nile virus?

A

Arthropod borne viruses (arbovirus)

22
Q

What are the three general vectors for west nile virus?

A

Mosquitos, ticks, flies

23
Q

Who are the species that are seropositive for west nile virus?

A

White tailed deer
Black bear

24
Q

If a bird comes with a fever, ataxia, incoordination, paralysis and suddenly dies in your clinic, what virus should be at the top of the differential list?

A

West nile virus

25
Q

A bird with west nile virus will have what kind of lesions on necropsy?

A

Severe meningeal, cerebral/cerebellar congestion
Myocardial hemorrhages and necrosis
Hepatic/splenic/GI necrosis

26
Q

Why is the preferred control method for west nile virus to be insect repellent and control?

A

Because it is transmitted through vectors

27
Q

(T/F) West Nile virus has a public health risk to humans.

A

True

28
Q

What is the organism that causes avian cholera?

A

Pasturella multocida

29
Q

Who are the hosts for avian cholera?

A

Water birds, rodents, raptors

30
Q

What is a weird finding you would see on necropsy of a bird with avian cholera?

A

Copper colored liver

31
Q

(T/F) Avian cholera has a public health risk to humans

A

True - but it is low

32
Q

Mycobacterium avium will cause what type of disease?

A

Avian tuberculosis

33
Q

Avian tuberculosis can last a (long/short) time in the soil

A

Long (spore forming)

34
Q

Why is anti mortem testing difficult for avian tuberculosis?

A

Because birds shed in the feces intermittently (endoscopy is not reliable)

35
Q

(T/F) Avian tuberculosis has a public health risk for people

A

True - children and elderly individuals and immunocompromised person at higher risk

36
Q

What is the organism that gives birds aspergillosis?

A

Aspergillosis fumigatus

37
Q

How do birds get aspergillosis?

A

Inhaling the fungus spores from contaminated environment or infected birds

38
Q

What type of lesions will birds get if they get apergillosis?

A

Multifocal, white-yellow-green nodules or plaques in the trachea, air sacs, lungs

39
Q

Since aspergillosis happens ubiquitous in environment, where would you find it?

A

Moldy feeds, straw, litter in nest boxes, discard dust, prevent access to moldy agriculture sites

40
Q

(T/F) Aspergillosis has public health risk for people.

A

True Pre existing resp distress, immunocompromised persons, allergic reaction

41
Q

What organism is avian botulism and what type is it?

A

Clostridium botulinum
Type C

42
Q

What organism feeds and concentrates C. botulinum toxin and then gets eaten by birds?

A

Maggots

43
Q

When would you see avian botuslism the most?

A

Summer - warmer months due to increase of bacterial growth

44
Q

What is the main clinical sign that avian botulism will give?

A

Progressive flaccid paralysis

45
Q

What lesions will leave avian botulism?

A

No lesions

46
Q

Demonstration of maggots in ventriculus is a presumptive diagnosis of avian botulism, how would you definitively diagnose it?

A

Bioassay - toxin in mouse blood by serum inoculation

47
Q

(T/F) Avian botulism has public health risk for people.

A

False - minimal and type A and B from home canned food

48
Q

Avian vacuolar myelinopathy agent is (man made/natural occurring) toxin.

A

Both - the agent is unknown

49
Q

What are the lesions of avian vacuolar myelinopathy and how do we diagnose it?

A

Vacuolation of white matter (myelin) of brain and spinal cord
Histopath

50
Q

If a bird comes into your clinic with a green stained vent, lethargic, full of impact crop, faint honk, what should be at the top of your differential list and how would you diagnose your suspicion?

A

Lead poisoning
Lead levels in blood or liver tissue/Radiology is very helpful and diagnostic

51
Q

What is the organism for sarcosporidiosis?

A

Sarcocystis rileyi

52
Q

Where do the sarcosporidiosis oocysts shed from carnivores?

A

Feces - waterfowl will ingest the oocysts in contaminated soil and water

53
Q

Where will the sporozoites develop in birds of sarcosporidiosis?

A

Intestines - and then will enter blood

54
Q

_____ of sarcosporidiosis develop in blood and encyst in muscle.

A

Merocoites

55
Q

(T/F) Birds will be asymptomatic if they ingest the oocyst of sarcosporidiosis.

A

True

56
Q

(T/F) Sarcosporidiosis has a public health risk.

A

False

Wildlife (10 decks)

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