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Wildlife > Triage and Stabilization > Flashcards

Triage and Stabilization Flashcards

1
Q

(T/F) Vets and rehabbers are often placed under a great deal of pressure to save the animal.

A

True

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2
Q

What is traige?

A

Injuries are prioritizing and treated according to severity
Most life threatening are attended to first

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3
Q

The decisions in triage about treatment and prioritization are base on _____ and ______.

A

Outcome and prognosis

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4
Q

How can an accurate triage help the vets in the long run?

A

Can save months of work, emotional energy and finite resources

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5
Q

Out of these, what can be a poor prognostic indicator?
a) Emeciated
b) Severe patagial wounds
c) Some parasites
d) Open old fractures
e) Damage to digit 3 and 4
f) Joint luxation and spinal fractures

A

A, B, D, F
C- heavy ectoparasites burden
E - Damage to hallux (1) and power tallon (2)

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6
Q

What are the 3 major problems that can happen with trauma that are part of the 3 strikes?

A

Wing fractures
Leg fractures
Severe ocular trauma

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7
Q

What is the most important thing to do during triage?

A

Do an initial brief assessment
(confirm species, note any obvious problems, evaluate aggressiveness)

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8
Q

What are the 4 compromising ABC or life threatening conditions that we should assess in our brief assessment that would make us want to act quickly?

A

Respiratory distress
Significant hemorrhage
Severe shock
Seizure

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9
Q

If the airway is compromised what should you do?

A

Use endotracheal tube or air sac cannula

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10
Q

What should you do if a patients breathing is compromised?

A

100% O2
Positive pressure ventilation

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11
Q

What should you do if circulation is compromised? (coloration of mucous membranes, body temperature, degree of hydration, CTR, pulse)

A

Heat source
Fluid therapy

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12
Q

What is the rate a bird should be intubated and have a positive pressure ventilation?

A

4-5 seconds

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13
Q

How many compressions over the sternum should be provided to an avian patient?

A

60-80/minute

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14
Q

What can you use to monitor heart beat in a cardiopulmonary arrest?

A

ECG and Doppler

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15
Q

If a patient is in respiratory distress what should you do?

A

Minimize handling
Get O2 (face mask or oxygen chamber)
Mild sedation (Butorphanol or midazolam)

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16
Q

What symptoms can you see with electrocution patients?

A

Acute respiratory distress (from neurogenic pulmonary edema)
Cardiac arrest, pericardial effusion, thermal burns

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17
Q

What is our top priority in hemorrhagic patients?

A

Homeostasis is top priority

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18
Q

How much blood can wild animals lose?

A

No more than 1% of BW
(in reptiles is 0.5%)

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19
Q

(T/F) Mammals will tolerate acute blood loss better than birds.

A

False - the other way around

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20
Q

When will we consider transfusions in birds and mammals?

A

Birds: <15% PCV
Mammals: <25% PCV

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21
Q

How do we define shock?

A

Poor tissue perfusion from either low blood flow or unevenly distributed flow

22
Q

What kind of shock is the most common?

A

Hypovolemic shock
- Fluid therapy is critical

23
Q

What is the only kind of seizure that is worth treating instead of euthanizing?

A

Seizures due to hypoglycemia
- babies
Everything else: trauma, infectious, toxins, parasites should be euthanized

24
Q

What should be the amount you should be taking triaging your patient?

A

1 min (while transferring into incubator)
Raptors a little more in depth and we do diagnostics

25
Q

What are the two blood tests performed on every raptor at entry?

A

HCT/TP
CBC/Chem can be done in the first week

26
Q

What is the level for lead toxicity in blood work?

A

> 0.2 ppm
(it will vary depending on species on clinical signs)

27
Q

Who is ok with one functional eye and who needs perfect vision?

A

One functional eye - owl
Perfect vision - accipiters (diurinal birds)

28
Q

What are the signs of hyperthermia?

A

Severe exertion or excitement
Panting or red mucous membranes

29
Q

Which patients do we see hypothermia the most?

A

Orphaned animals and wet animals

30
Q

Which patients have hypoglycemia the most?

A

Orphaned wildlife
Will see - ataxia, seizures, loss of consciousness

31
Q

What are the 3 things we should keep in mind while calculating fluids?

A
  • % dehydration
  • Maintenance fluid rate
  • Estimate ongoing losses
32
Q

What are crystalloids used for?

A

Replacement or maintenance of blood volume

33
Q

Which routes can crystalloids be given?

A

PO, SQ, IV, IO

34
Q

What compartment do colloid fluids replenish?

A

Intravascular (remains in blood stream)

35
Q

What routes can colloids be given?

A

IV or IO

36
Q

Which route of administration is best depending on the function of the GI?

A

With functional GIT - PO or SC
With diminished GIT - SC

37
Q

What bones can we place IO catheters in birds? Which ones can we not?

A

Place - ulna or proximal tibiotarsus
Cannot place - humerus and femur

38
Q

What bones can we place IO catheters in reptiles and mammals?

A

Proximal tibia

39
Q

What should we give patients with head trauma within 24 hours of the event? How about after?

A

Within 24 hours - Mannitol or hypertonic saline
After 24 hours - NSAID therapy

40
Q

What is the first diagnostic tool we use for avian spinal fractures?

A

Survey radiographs

41
Q

What are the common sites of avian spinal trauma?

A

Caudal to the notarium
Cranial to the synscarum

42
Q

In mammalian spinal trauma, what do you want to test for?

A

Test postural reactions (proprioception and withdrawal reflex)

43
Q

If there is trauma to UMN above S1-S3 what will you see with the bladder?

A

Overdistended, difficult to express

44
Q

If there is trauma to LMN within S1-S3 what will you see with the bladder?

A

Dribble urine, easily expressed

45
Q

(T/F) UMN lesions usually have better prognosis for recovery than LMN lesions.

A

True

46
Q

(T/F) You want to stabilize your patient first before going into surgery even though they have fractures because they are not fresh

A

True

47
Q

Shells are made out of ____

A

Bone

48
Q

If someone told you they picked up a bird and saw a cat pass by, should you provide antibiotics to the patient?

A

Yes - cat bites are notoriously infected (wild animals are often susceptible to P. multocida and sepsis from gram neg bacteria), assume they got bit if there is a cat around

49
Q

What three drugs do we use for avian analgesia?

A

Tramadol, buprenorphine/butorphanol, gabapentin

50
Q

What NSAID is used the most that is indicated for any type of trauma?

A

Meloxicam

51
Q

What NSAID can be used for ocular trauma?

A

Flurbiprofen

Wildlife (10 decks)

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