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wildlife > Zoonotic/Emergent disease > Flashcards

Zoonotic/Emergent disease Flashcards

1
Q

Who are the ones that are at higher risk of getting a zoonotic disease?

A

Children, elderly, HIV positive individuals, immunosuppressed, cancer patient, chronic disease (liver, kidney, heart, diabetes, splenectomy or hemodialysis)

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2
Q

(T/F) The definition of zoonotic disease is a disease that normally does not exist in animals but it can infect people.

A

False - it normally exists in animals

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3
Q

What is an emerging infectious disease?

A

Appear in a population for the first time
OR
Disease which is known to exist but is rapidly increasing in prevalence or geographic range

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4
Q

What are the three factors associated with emerging disease?

A

Ecosystem alterations of athropogenic or natural in origin
Movements of pathogens or vectors via human or natural routes
Changes in microbes or in the ability to recognize emergent pathogens due to advances techniques

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5
Q

What are some diseases that have come because of ecosystem alterations?

A

Duck plague, anthrax, lyme - anthropogenic
sin nombre hantavirus, rift valley fever - natural changes

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6
Q

What example (that he gave in lecture) has come out of moving pathogens between wild hosts?

A

Rabies

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7
Q

What example (that he gave in lecture) has come out of moving pathogens between wild/domestic hosts?

A

Brucella

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8
Q

What example (that he gave in lecture) has come out of moving pathogens translocation hosts?

A

Rabies

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9
Q

What example (that he gave in lecture) has come out of moving pathogens in globalization?

A

West nile and monkey pox

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10
Q

What example (that he gave in lecture) has come out of moving pathogens of movement of vectors?

A

Lyme disease

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11
Q

What example (that he gave in lecture) has come out of moving pathogens in game farming?

A

Chronic wasting disease

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12
Q

What example (that he gave in lecture) has come out of moving pathogens deliberative introductions?

A

Rabbit calicivirus/myxomatosis

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13
Q

The emergency disease study wanted to determine the ____ and _____ of emergent pathogens in ______.

A

Nature
Magnitude
North America

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14
Q

What are the 5 human influences that have brought outbreaks of emerging diseases?

A

Environment degradation by pollution
Translocation of infected individuals
Feeding stations of songbirds and cervids
Game farming/aquaculture
Feral animals

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15
Q

What is the virus family that causes Hantavirus?

A

Bunyaviridae

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16
Q

What is the strains name that causes hantavirus that became an epidemic?

A

Sin nombre strain

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17
Q

Where is hatavirus mostly located in US?

A

Western USA

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18
Q

What are the hosts of hatavirus?

A

Rodents are the primary reservoir and it gets passed to deer and cotton

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19
Q

The trasmission of hantavirus is through (inhalation/ingestion) of urine/feces/saliva of a rodent.

A

Inhalation

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20
Q

What would be the control of choice for hantavirus?

A

Rodent control
Safety percautions for people

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21
Q

What is the organism that causes lyme disease?

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

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22
Q

Where and when does lyme occur more commonly?

A

Atlantic coast and during the summer

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23
Q

Who are the hosts for lyme disease?

A

White foot mouse (persistently infected)
White tailed deer (primary host for tick vector not the spirochete)

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24
Q

What stage of the tick has to bite to get lyme?

A

Infected larval nymph

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25
Q

Lepto and lyme are considered ____ bacteria.

A

Spirochete

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26
Q

Where does the bacteria have to shed from to get lepto?

A

Urine

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27
Q

How does lepto get transmitted once its out of the body?

A

Organism enters though the skin, mucous membranes, and bite wounds

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28
Q

How do we prevent lepto from spreading?

A

Pest control - rodents, raccoons, skunks

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29
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii causes what disease?

A

Rocket mountain spotted fever

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30
Q

Which tick transmits RMSF?

A

America dog tick (dermacentor variabilis)

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31
Q

What does the spirochete organism in RMSF have to contaminate to transmit?

A

Food/water

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32
Q

Where and when does RMSF happen?

A

Southeastern/southcentral USA and April-September (summer)

33
Q

(T/F) Tularemia and the plague are considered bioterrorism.

A

True

34
Q

What organism is Tularemia?

A

Francisella tularensis

35
Q

What are the two cycles of tularemia hosts and what species they include?

A

Terrestrial cycle - rabbits/rodents
Aquatic cycle - muskrats/beavers

36
Q

What is one of the main signs on necropsy a rabbit has tularemia?

A

Pinpoint white lesions in liver and spleen
Necrotic lymph nodes
Pneumonia

37
Q

Yersenia pestis is the main organism in the disease

A

Plague

38
Q

In what cycle is the plague maintained in nature through?

A

Flea-rodent cycle

39
Q

Who are the reservoir rodent hosts of plague?

A

Voles, grasshopper mouth and rock squirrels

40
Q

Who are the hosts of the plague?

A

Epizoonotic rodent hosts (periodic outbreaks)
Prarie dogs
Ground squirrels

41
Q

Who are susceptible to the plague that are non rodent hosts?

A

Felids and black footed ferret

42
Q

What is the main way of transmission for plague?

A

Flea bite (bacteria multiplies in flea GI tract, blockage of GI tract makes the tick regurg and infects blood into host)

43
Q

The suggestive diagnosis of plague is a rapid decline of colonial rodents, how do you definitively test for it?

A

Culture ID and IHC
Preferred tissue - lymph nodes, blood, spleen/liver/lung

44
Q

(T/F) We still consider a widespread eradication of rodents effective for the plague.

A

False - we do not do this and we MUST KILL THE TICKS

45
Q

What type of category is the plague?

A

Bioterrorism category A

46
Q

Brucella abortus causes what?

A

Bovine brucellosis

47
Q

Where does bovine brucellosis happens and what is the clinical sign for both male and female?

A

Yellowstone national park
Causes abortion/orchitis in bovids

48
Q

Ascarid roundworms cause what disease in raccons?

A

Baylisascaris

49
Q

Where are the Baylisascaris worms located in the host?

A

GI tract

50
Q

(T/F) Baylisascaris is zoonotic and is important because it does not cause clinical signs nor lesions in natural hosts.

A

True

51
Q

How do raccoons get infected with Baylisacaris?

A

Consuming animals with encysted larvae

52
Q

What do we need to do to get rid of Baylisacaris?

A

Require flaming to kill

53
Q

Match the visceral larva migrans to the carnivore species it pertains to?
a. Toxocara canis
b. Toxocara cati
c. Toxoscaris leonina
d. Ascarid devosi

  1. Bobcat
  2. Mink
  3. Cats
  4. Foxes
A

A - 4
B - 1
C - 3
D - 2

54
Q

How do we prevent visceral larva migrans from spreading?

A

Appropriate hygiene

55
Q

What is the organism that causes hydatid cyst disease?

A

Echinoccocus multilocularis

56
Q

Who is the definitive host and intermediate host of hydatid cyst disease?

A

Red fox - definitive
Rodent - intermediate

57
Q

How do humans get hydatid cyst disease and what does it cause?

A

Accidentally ingest eggs shed in feces
Alveolar hydatid disease

58
Q

What organ is destroyed by echinoccocus multilocularis?

A

Liver

59
Q

What is the host of toxoplasmosis?

A

All felids

60
Q

What are the two ways human can get toxo?

A

Fecal oral route
Tissue cysts in undercooked meat

61
Q

What virus is monkey pox?

A

Orthopoxivirus

62
Q

How is monkey pox transmitted?

A

Direct contact
(it is natural in tropical rainforest in Africa)

63
Q

Who is the host of monkey pox?

A

African squirrel

64
Q

(Young/old) individuals are more severely affected by monkey pox?

A

Younger

65
Q

How do humans get monkey pox for the most part?

A

Contact with Gambian giant rat/prarie dog

66
Q

What is the presentation of bats who have white nose syndrome?

A

White substance on their heads, ears, wings

67
Q

Why is white nose syndrome so destructive to bat populations?

A

Highly contagious and the fungus thrives in dark, low temp and high humidity environment

68
Q

Where is chytridiomycosis ubiquitous in nature?

A

Aquatic habitats and moist soil

69
Q

Why is chytriciomycosis important?

A

Only fungus that infects vertebrates
Emerging panzoonotic of amphibian population
High mortality

70
Q

What stages of the amphibian are affected by chytriciomycosis?

A

Adult and larvae

71
Q

Chytridiomycosis is a non hyphal fungal pathogen that invades tissue and degrades (cellulose/chitin/ keratin).

A

All three

72
Q

Who is most susceptible to iridovirus of amphibians?

A

Tadpoles

73
Q

What disease do green sea turtles get that we discussed in class?

A

Fibropapillomatosis

74
Q

Who does not get fibropapillomatosis?

A

Hatchlings

75
Q

What virus causes fibropapillomatosis?

A

Herpes virus - can recur in times of stress

76
Q

Why do turtles die do to fibropapillomatosis if it is benign?

A

Lose the ability to capture prey

77
Q

What is the virus that causes rabbit hemorrhagic disease?

A

Calicivirus

78
Q

What is the incubation period of rabbit hemorrhagic disease?

A

2-4 days

wildlife (10 decks)

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