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D&D- Cell Injury > Inflammation > Flashcards

Inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What is frustrated phagocytosis?

A

attempts to phagocytose something that is too large

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1
Q

Where is squamous epi found?

A

skin and esophagus

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1
Q

How does a post-MI heart look 7-10 days after the attack?

A

maximally yellow-tan and soft; with depressed red-tan margins

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2
Q

What cause edema/tumor in acute injury?

A

outward flow of ions and water

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2
Q

What helps the leukocyte stick to the endothelium and diapedes?

A

integrins and intracellular adhesion molecules

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2
Q

What occurs during complete resolution?

A

macrophages clean up necrotic debris; tissue regenerates; lymphatic drainage clears edema

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3
Q

What perforates holes in the microbial membrane?

A

defensin

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4
Q

What happens to the surrounding interstitial tissue in acute inflammation?

A

increasing in osmotic pressure- more water follows- swelling occurs

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5
Q

What happens when the body can’t overcome the infection and has to wall it off?

A

an abscess forms; chronic inflammation

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5
Q

How does a post-MI heart look 4-12 hours after the attack?

A

occasional dark mottling

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6
Q

What are Kupffer cells?

A

macs in the liver

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8
Q

What is exudate?

A

protein rich content and cells; >1.02 g/mL; low glucose

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8
Q

How does the leukocyte neutralize the bacteria?

A

phagocytosis, uses degranulation of lysosomal enzymes and defensins

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8
Q

What is Chediak-Higashi Syndrome?

A

a defect in chemotaxis and lysosomal degranulation into phagosomes

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8
Q

How does a post-MI heart look during the first 4 hours after the attack?

A

no change

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9
Q

What are happens to the vasculature in acute inflammation?

A

transient vasoconstriction, then vasodilation; increased hydrostatic pressure in vessel wall

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10
Q

What kinds of cells are the infrastructure cells?

A

1) fibroblasts 2) endothelial cells

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11
Q

What cause leukocytes to roll and adhere to the vasculature first?

A

selectins

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12
Q

Which cell has a bi-lobed nucleus but also has pink-staining granules?

A

eosinophils

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13
Q

How does a leukocyte find the bacterial infection?

A

chemotaxis

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14
Q

How do leukocytes move?

A

by extending pseudopods

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16
Q

Why do the exudate and transudate exit the area in acute inflammation?

A

to decrease the pressure on the expanding vessel

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16
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A

collagen

18
Q

What are the 3 major things that happen in acute inflammation?

A

1) vasodilation 2) plasma proteins leave microvasculature 3) emigration of leukocyte

18
Q

How does a post-MI heart look 3-7 days after the attack?

A

hyperemic border; central yellow-tan softening

19
Q

What is folliculitis?

A

inflammation of a hair follicule

20
Q

How does a post-MI heart look greater than 2 months after the attack?

A

scarring is complete

21
Q

Where is columnar epi found?

A

GI tract

21
Q

How does a post-MI heart look 2-8 weeks after the attack?

A

gray-white scar, progressive from border to core of infarct

23
Q

What is transudate?

A

the ultrafiltrate of plasma; < 1.02 g/mL; higher glucose

25
Q

Name the 5 cardinal signs of injury.

A

1) calor 2) dolor 3) rubor 4) tumor 5) functio laesa

26
Q

What fuses to ingest and digest a bacteria?

A

the phagosome and the lysosome- phagolysosome

27
Q

What cardinal signs result from vasodilation?

A

heat and redness

28
Q

Where are the gut, respiratory tract, and urinary tract derived from?

A

the endoderm

29
Q

What is a granuloma?

A

several giant cells fused together

31
Q

What do defensins do?

A

perforate holes in the microbial membrane

33
Q

What are infrastructure cells?

A

cells that respond to and provide support to injury

34
Q

What is purulence?

A

pus

35
Q

What are mast cells?

A

histamine-producing cells

36
Q

What are giant cells?

A

many individual macs that fused together

37
Q

What does chronic inflammation mean?

A

lasting days or longer

39
Q

How does a leukocyte bypass the basement membrane?

A

it secretes collagenase

41
Q

Where is the skin derived from?

A

the ectoderm

42
Q

How does a post-MI heart look 12-24 hours after the attack?

A

dark mottling

44
Q

What kinds of WBCs can phagocytose?

A

1) neutrophils/PMNs 2) macs

45
Q

What does acute inflammation mean?

A

lasting minutes-hours

47
Q

How does the leukocyte recognize the bacteria?

A

the bacteria is coated in opsonins

48
Q

What kinds of cells are barriers to the outside world?

A

epithelia

49
Q

What are sentinel cells?

A

cells already within the tissues ready to act

50
Q

How does a post-MI heart look 1-3 days after the attack?

A

mottling with yellow-white center

51
Q

Why do endothelial cells retract?

A

to allow emigration of leukocytes

52
Q

What color do the basophil granules stain?

A

dark blue/purple

53
Q

What causes strep throat?

A

Strep. pyogenes

54
Q

How does a post-MI heart look 10-14 days after the attack?

A

red-gray depressed infarct borders

55
Q

What is the 2nd best outcome of acute inflammation?

A

scarring

56
Q

What is the best outcome of acute inflammation?

A

compete resolution

D&D- Cell Injury (13 decks)

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