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Histopathology > Inflammation and Disorders of Growth > Flashcards

Inflammation and Disorders of Growth Flashcards

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1
Q

Latin word that means to set fire

A

Inflammare

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2
Q

Universal response to tissue damage by wide range of harmful stimuli mechanical trauma, tissue necrosis and infection

A

Inflammation

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3
Q

Purpose of inflammation

A
  1. To destroy (or contain) the damaging agent
  2. To initiate repair processes
  3. To return the damaged tissue to useful function
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4
Q

Causes of inflammation:

A
  1. Living organisms
  2. Chemicals
  3. Mechanical and thermal injuries
  4. Immune reactions
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5
Q

Changes during inflammation:

A
  1. Blood vessel changes
  2. Changes in blood stream
  3. Changes in rate of flow
  4. Leukocytic emigration
  5. Diapedesis of RBCs
  6. Serum exudation
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6
Q

Changes of inflammation:

momentary contraction of the blood vessel

A

Blood vessel changes

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7
Q

vessels dilate causing more arterial blood

A

hyperemia

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8
Q

Changes of inflammation:

increased permeability of venules and capillaries

A

blood vessels changes

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9
Q

Changes of inflammation:

changes in erythrocyte distribution

A

Changes in blood stream

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10
Q

Mechanisms of leukocytes margination (pavement) is either:

A

a. WBCs gets adhesive
b. Capillary wall gets sticky (endothelium gets sticky)

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11
Q

Changes of inflammation:

Accelerate of the rate due to arteriolar dilation

A

Changes in rate of flow

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12
Q

Retardation of rate flow is due to:

A
  1. fluid loss leads to increased blood viscosity
  2. leukocyte stickiness
  3. stasis; exudation
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13
Q

Changes of inflammation:

ameboid movement of leukocytes towards the site of inflammation

A

leukocytic emigration

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14
Q

cause of leukocytic emigration

A

chemotractic forces

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15
Q

process of attraction of leukocytes to certain area that has the chemotactic substances

A

Chemotaxis

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16
Q

The action of neutrophils are

A

phagocytic

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17
Q

phagocytic power is shown toward

A

bacteria

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18
Q

large number of this are killed by bacterial toxins

A

neutrophils

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19
Q

production of pus

A

suppuration or purulent exudate

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20
Q

this produces pus

A

neutrophils

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21
Q

these cells present in the parasitic infection and hypersensitivity due to release of eosiniphils chemotactic factor from mast cells when intact with Ag+IgE to mast cells and release of histamine

A

Eosinophils

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22
Q

It is phagocytes cells inside the blood and when reach to the cells and tissue it will become macrophage cells or called histiocytes

A

monocytes

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23
Q

the function of this is to phagocytes foreign bodies

A

monocytes

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24
Q

they fuse to form multinucleated giant cells (langhan’s giant cell)

A

monocytes

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25
it is similar to macrophage and similar to epithelial cells close to each other with no different borders between its cytoplasm and they tend to have small nucleus
Epithelioid cells
26
these cells are no phagocytic cells but release lysosomal enzyme
epithelioid cells
27
they form by fused the cytoplasm of the macrophages
giant cells
28
4 types of giant cells
1. Langhan's giant cell 2. Foreign body giant cells 3. Touton Giant cell 4. Warthin-Finkeldy
29
Classification of inflammation according to time:
a. acute inflammation b. subacute inflammation c. chronic inflammation
30
inflammation extend from hours to few days: hyperemia and congestion, infiltration of PMN cells, and edema
Acute inflammation
31
inflammation that is extended from days to weeks --> macrophages and lymphocytes are found
Subacute inflammation
32
inflammation extended from weeks, months, years --> mononuclear cells
Chronic inflammation
33
Acute vs Chronic inflammation: sudden onset
Acute inflammation
34
Acute vs Chronic inflammation: last for weeks or months/years
Chronic inflammation
35
Acute vs Chronic inflammation: vascular dilatation
Acute inflammation
36
Acute vs Chronic inflammation: Predominantly mononuclear may also be present
Chronic inflammation
37
Acute vs Chronic inflammation: increased vascular permeability
Acute inflammation
38
Acute vs Chronic inflammation: neutrophil activation and migration
Acute inflammation
39
when this fails to subside within several weeks, this can lead to chronic inflammation
Acute inflammation
40
types of exudate:
1. Serous inflammation (serous exudate) 2. Fibrinous inflammation 3. Purulent inflammation 4. Hemorrhagic inflammation 5. Catarrhal inflammation
41
It is characterized by increase exudation of the nuclear albuminous fluid which accumulates in the inflammation are showing the inflammatory edema
Serous inflammation
42
Microscopic app: 1- Watery fluid is seen in the cavity 2- Cloudy fluid and it have fibrin strands 3- Color could be red if there are RBC present 4- Hyperemic zone
Serous inflammation
43
Causes of serous inflammation:
1- Mechanical injury of tissue 2- Chemical --> chloroform 3- Biological --> virus FMD 4- Insects --> bee sting
44
characterized by too much fibrinogen clotting fibrin
Fibrinous inflammation
45
it is the inflammation characterized by pus formation
Purulent inflammation
46
is a liquid of creamy color and consistency but can be thin (watery) or (semi-solid). The color is blue green when caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pus
47
implies that large amounts of pus are produced
suppurative inflammation
48
is inflammation when there is good amount of pus diffusely scattered through a tissue especially the subcutis
phlegmonous inflammation
49
pyogenic bacteria that causes purulence:
1. Stapylococci 2. Stretococci 3. E. coli 4. Neisseriae
50
characterized by large numbers of RBCs that leave by diapedesis. the blood may exudes from body surface or nearby tissue
Hemorrhagic inflammation
51
Microscopic appearance: large number of degenerate neutrophils are seen
Purulent inflammation
52
Gross appearance: see blood-colored fluid or semi fluid usually clotted and gelatinous
hemorrhagic inflammation
53
is inflammation in which the exudate is mucus
catarrhal inflammation
54
it comes from the epithelial cells of mucous glands or form the giblet cells
mucus
55
inflammation of the mucous membranes
catarrhal inflammation
56
it can result in a thick exudate of mucus and white blood cells
catarrhal inflammation
57
caused by swelling of the mucous membranes in the head in response to an infection
catarrhal inflammation
58
5 cardinal signs of inflammation
Rubor - redness Tumor - swelling Calor - heat Dolor - pain Functio laessa - diminished function
59
due to arteriolar and capillary dilatation with increased rate of blood flow towards the site of injury
Rubor - redness
60
Due to increased capillary permeability causing extravasations of blood fluid
Tumor - swelling
61
due to transfer of internal heat to the surface or site of injury, brought about by increased blood content (hyperemia)
Calor - heat
62
due to pressure upon the sensory nerve by the exudates/tumor
Dolor - pain
63
destruction of the functioning units of the tissue
Functio laessa - diminished function
64
Inflammation of appendix
Appendicitis
65
Inflammation of fallopian tube
Slapingitis
66
Inflammation of pericardium
pericarditis
67
Inflammation of pleura
pluerisy
68
Inflammation of subcutaneous tissues
Cellulitis
69
Inflammation of meninges
meningitis
70
Inflammation of arteries
arteritis
71
Chronic inflammation subdivision:
1. Non-specific chronic inflammation 2. Specific (primary) chronic inflammation 3. Granulomatous inflammation
72
arises following non-resolution of acute inflammation
Non-specific chronic inflammation
73
Arises de novo in response to certain types of injurious agents
Specific (primary) chronic inflammation
74
Subset of specific inflammation characterized by the presence of granulomas
Granulomatous inflammation

Histopathology (5 decks)

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