Inflammation and repair Flashcards
(27 cards)
What is the primary role of the immune system?
To maintain homeostasis by recognizing self from non-self and defending against foreign antigens.
What are the two main branches of the immune system?
Innate immunity and Adaptive (Acquired) immunity.
What are three characteristics of innate immunity?
Non-specific, immediate response, no memory.
What are three features of adaptive immunity?
Specific response, develops after exposure, memory (remembers infection).
What are the primary cells in acute inflammation?
Neutrophils (polymorphonuclear leukocytes).
What cells are more active in chronic inflammation?
Monocytes/macrophages.
What characterizes chronic inflammation?
Smoldering, long-lasting inflammation with ongoing healing attempts.
What are the five classic signs of inflammation?
Heat, Redness, Swelling, Pain, Loss of function.
What causes the heat and redness in inflammation?
Capillary dilatation and increased blood flow.
What causes swelling during inflammation?
Increased capillary permeability and fluid extravasation.
What are the four types of exudate?
Serous, Purulent, Hemorrhagic, Fibrinous.
What is purulent exudate mostly composed of?
Inflammatory cells (pus).
Name two cell-derived chemical mediators.
Histamine, Prostaglandins.
Name two plasma-derived chemical mediators.
Kinins, Complement proteins.
What is the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
Recognize PAMPs and DAMPs to initiate immune responses.
What can cause tissue damage during inflammation?
The injurious agent and the inflammatory response itself.
What is a treatment for prolonged inflammation?
Adrenal corticosteroids.
What are PAMPs and DAMPs?
Molecular patterns on microbes (PAMPs) or damaged host cells (DAMPs) that signal danger
What do pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) detect?
PAMPs and DAMPs
What is exudate?
A fluid mixture of protein, leukocytes, and debris formed during inflammation
What happens during the systemic effects of inflammation?
Fever, malaise, increased leukocytes, acute phase protein production (e.g. CRP)
What is the most common acute phase protein measured in inflammation?
C-reactive protein
How does infection differ from inflammation?
Infection is caused by pathogens; inflammation is the response to injury (which may or may not be infectious)
How does the complement system contribute to inflammation?
It enhances pathogen clearance and intensifies inflammation through protein activation
