Respiratory Disorders Flashcards
(35 cards)
What are the primary functions of the respiratory system?
Oxygenates blood and removes carbon dioxide.
What two systems work together to deliver oxygen?
Respiratory and circulatory systems.
What is ventilation?
The process of air moving in and out of the lungs.
How does gas exchange occur?
By diffusion, due to differences in partial pressures of gases between blood, alveoli, and tissues.
What is intrapleural pressure?
Pressure within the pleural cavity; normally slightly negative to keep lungs expanded.
What happens during inhalation?
Thoracic volume increases, intrapleural pressure decreases, air moves in.
What happens during expiration?
Thoracic volume decreases, pressure increases, air is pushed out.
What is atelectasis?
Collapsed lung due to obstruction or external pressure.
What are the effects of atelectasis on the body?
Mediastinum shifts toward the collapsed side, diaphragm elevates.
What is pneumothorax?
Air in the pleural space, often due to lung injury or disease.
What is a tension pneumothorax?
Air enters pleural space but can’t escape, increasing pressure and displacing mediastinal structures.
What are symptoms of pneumothorax?
Chest pain, shortness of breath, reduced breath sounds on affected side.
What is pneumonia?
Inflammation of the lung with exudate filling alveoli.
How is pneumonia classified?
By etiology, anatomic distribution, and predisposing factors.
What are common causes of pneumonia?
Bacteria, viruses, fungi, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Rickettsia.
What is lobar pneumonia?
Infection of an entire lobe of the lung.
What is bronchopneumonia?
Infection of parts of lobes near bronchi.
What is primary atypical pneumonia?
Mycoplasma infection involving alveolar septa.
What are predisposing factors for pneumonia?
Poor ventilation, mucus retention, aspiration, obstruction.
What are symptoms of pneumonia?
Fever, cough, purulent sputum, chest pain, shortness of breath.
What causes COVID-19?
SARS-CoV-2, a coronavirus binding to ACE-2 receptors on human cells.
What cells are targeted by SARS-CoV-2?
Alveolar epithelial type 2 (AT2) cells in the lungs.
What happens in the lungs during COVID-19 infection?
Inflammation, plasma leakage, alveolar collapse, impaired gas exchange.
What is bronchitis?
Inflammation of bronchial mucosa.
