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NURS 320 Pharm and pathophysio > Inflammation, Infection, Immunity > Flashcards

Inflammation, Infection, Immunity Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

What is Leukocytes?

A

White blood cells (neutrophils, basophils, or eosinophils)

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2
Q

What is Macrophages?

A

Mature leukocytes capable of ingesting a pathogen

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3
Q

What is Phagocytes?

A

Neutrophils and macrophages that engulf and digest foreign material

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4
Q

What is Phagocytosis?

A

The process of engulfing and digesting foreign materials

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5
Q

What is Pyrogen?

A

Fever-causing substance

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6
Q

What is Barrier Defenses?

A

Include skin, mucous membranes, gastric acid, and major histocompatibility complex

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7
Q

What is Neutrophils?

A

Rapidly produced white blood cells that move to the site of insult

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8
Q

What is Basophils?

A

Leukocytes that initiate immune or inflammatory responses using histamine and heparin

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9
Q

What is Eosinophils?

A

Most abundant during allergic reactions and parasitic infections

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10
Q

What is Monocytes/Macrophages?

A

Mature leukocytes that phagocytize antigens

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11
Q

What is Lymphoid Tissues?

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, bone marrow, aiding immune response

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12
Q

What is Cardinal signs of inflammation?

A

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function

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13
Q

What is Systemic sign of inflammation?

A

Fever

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14
Q

What is Vascular Phase?

A

Vasoconstriction followed by vasodilation causing redness and swelling

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15
Q

What is Cellular Phase?

A

Leukocytes migrate to the site of injury and perform phagocytosis

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16
Q

What is Platelets?

A

Thrombocytes involved in hemostasis and inflammation

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17
Q

What is Chronic inflammation?

A

Macrophages and lymphocytes accumulate, possibly forming granulomas

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18
Q

What is Tissue Repair?

A

Replacement (scar) or regeneration (same cell type)

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19
Q

What is First intention healing?

A

Wound edges are close and sutured

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20
Q

What is Secondary intention healing?

A

Wound heals from the bottom up

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21
Q

What is Inflammatory Phase?

A

Starts at injury, involves clot formation and WBCs

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22
Q

What is Proliferative Phase?

A

Fibroblasts fill the wound

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23
Q

What is Remodeling Phase?

A

Development of fibrous scar

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24
Q

What is Factors affecting healing?

A

Nutrition, blood flow, immune response, infection, age

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25
What is Pathogen?
Any agent that causes disease
26
What is Prion?
Infectious protein particles
27
What is Virus?
Non-cellular structures requiring a host
28
What is Bacteria?
Smallest living cells, prokaryotic
29
What is Spirochetes?
Helical, anaerobic bacteria
30
What is Mycoplasmas?
Bacteria without rigid cell walls
31
What is Fungi?
Some normal flora, others pathogenic
32
What is Parasites?
Organisms that live off the host
33
What is Modes of Transmission?
Penetration, direct contact, ingestion, inhalation
34
What is Incubation Period?
Replication without symptoms
35
What is Prodromal Stage?
Initial vague symptoms
36
What is Acute Stage?
Maximum symptoms
37
What is Convalescent Period?
Pathogen containment and tissue repair
38
What is Resolution?
Total elimination of pathogen
39
What is Innate Immunity?
Immediate, general response to pathogens
40
What is Adaptive Immunity?
Specific, memory-based response using T and B cells
41
What is Dendritic Cells?
Bridge between innate and adaptive immunity
42
What is Natural Killer Cells?
Spontaneously kill target organisms
43
What is Thymus?
Produces T lymphocytes, shrinks with age
44
What is Lymph Nodes?
Filter lymph and remove debris
45
What is Spleen?
Filters blood, has red and white pulp
46
What is Primary Immunodeficiency?
Genetic, early onset, recurrent infections
47
What is Secondary Immunodeficiency?
Acquired via disease or drugs (e.g. HIV)
48
What is Type I Hypersensitivity?
IgE-mediated, immediate (e.g., hay fever)
49
What is Type II Hypersensitivity?
Antibody-mediated targeting of specific cells
50
What is Type III Hypersensitivity?
Immune complex-mediated (e.g., post-strep GN)
51
What is Type IV Hypersensitivity?
Delayed, cell-mediated (e.g., contact dermatitis)
52
What is Graft vs Host Disease?
Donor T cells attack host
53
What is Hyperacute Rejection?
Immediate rejection due to antibodies
54
What is Chronic Rejection?
Occurs over a long time
55
What is Autoimmune Disease?
Immune system attacks self, systemic or tissue-specific
56
What is HIV?
Virus that attacks CD4 T cells
57
What is AIDS?
Stage of HIV with CD4 <200 and defining illnesses
58
What is Rubor?
Redness, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation
59
What is Tumor?
Swelling, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation
60
What is Calor?
Heat, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation
61
What is Dolor?
Pain, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation
62
What is Functio laesa?
Loss of function, one of the cardinal signs of inflammation
63
What is Exudate?
Protein-rich fluid that moves into extravascular spaces during inflammation
64
What is Granuloma?
Small lesion with macrophages resembling epithelial cells; seen in chronic inflammation
65
What is Fibroblasts?
Key cells in the proliferative phase of wound healing that help fill the wound
66
What is ELISA?
A test used to diagnose HIV
67
What is Western blot assay?
A confirmatory test used to diagnose HIV
68
What is CD4 T-cell?
A type of lymphocyte targeted by HIV
69
What is Histamine?
Chemical stored in mast cells and basophils that triggers dilation and increased permeability of capillaries.
70
What is Heparin?
An anticoagulant found in basophils and mast cells.
71
What is Cytokines?
Proteins released by cells that have an effect on interactions and communication between cells.
72
What is Complement system?
A group of proteins that help antibodies and phagocytic cells clear pathogens.
73
What is Labile cells?
Cells that continuously divide and regenerate (e.g., skin cells).
74
What is Stable cells?
Cells that normally don't divide but can regenerate if needed (e.g., liver cells).
75
What is Permanent cells?
Cells that do not regenerate (e.g., cardiac muscle, neurons).
76
What is Nosocomial infection?
Infection acquired in a hospital or healthcare facility.
77
What is Antigen?
A substance that triggers an immune response.
78
What is IgE?
Immunoglobulin involved in allergic responses and Type I hypersensitivity.
79
What is T-lymphocytes?
Cells that manage cellular immunity and kill infected cells.
80
What is B-lymphocytes?
Cells responsible for producing antibodies.
81
What is Contact dermatitis?
A delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction (Type IV hypersensitivity).
82
What is Hashimoto thyroiditis?
An autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks the thyroid.
83
What is Systemic lupus erythematosus?
A systemic autoimmune disease affecting multiple organs.
84
What is Sarcoidosis?
A granulomatous inflammatory disease that can affect multiple organs, especially lungs and lymph nodes.
85
What is Brucellosis?
A bacterial infection spread from animals to people, often causing granulomatous inflammation.

NURS 320 Pharm and pathophysio (4 decks)

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