Inflammation: Presentations, Players, Process Flashcards
(37 cards)
What are the goals of inflammation?
Respond to injurious insult
Remove problem or injured cells
Restore/repair injured tissues
What are the six initiators or stimulators of inflammation?
Infections Trauma Physical or chemical agents Tissue necrosis Foreign bodies Hypersensitivity immune reactions
Which inflammation stimulators release inflammasomes?
Trauma
Physical or chemical agents
Tissue necrosis
Foreign bodies
What are the five signs of inflammation?
Heat Redness Swelling Pain Loss of function (chronic)
What is the sequence of events in inflammation?
Recognition Chemical mediator release Vascular permeability Migration and activation of cells Termination/resolution
What does vasodilation cause?
Heat and redness
What vascular changes occur in altered hemodynamics?
Brief constriction then vasodilation from histamine
What happens to vascular structure in inflammation?
Endothelial cells contract increasing the space between them
What causes redness at the site of inflammation?
Hemoconcentration due to loss of blood plasma leaving RBCs in circulation
What is exudate?
Fluid leaked contains protein and cells (inflammation)
What is transudate?
Not a lot of protein or cells are in the fluid leaked (non inflammatory)
Is exudate or transudate due to inflammation?
Exudate
What is effusion?
Excess fluid in cavities
What does serous mean?
Yellow, straw-like color, few cells
What does serosanguinous mean?
RBCs present, red tinge
What does fibrinous mean?
Large amounts of fibrin present due to activation of coagulation cascade
What does purulent mean?
Large number of polymorphonucleocytes (neutrophils) present
What are endogenous chemicals?
Chemicals that activate and amplify the inflammation process
What are the three types of endogenous chemicals?
Plasma-derived
Cell-derived
Extracellular matrix
What are the three functions of the complement system?
Phagocytosis/Destruction
Vascular inflammatory effects
Cellular inflammatory effects
What are cell derived chemical mediators of inflammation?
Vasoactive amines Arachidonic acid metabolites Platelet activating factor Lysosomal molecules Cytokines Chemokines Nitric oxide Interferon ROS Neuropeptides
What do lipoxins do?
Suppress inflammation by inhibiting WBC recruitment
What does alpha-1-antitrypsin do?
Inhibits neutrophil elastase
What happens if alpha-1-antitrypsin isn’t present?
Neutrophil elastase destroys the elastin leading to emphysema
