Inflammatory Diseases of the Liver

Question 1

what are some non-infectious types of hepatitis?

Answer 1

copper-associated hepatitis in dogs
canine chronic hepatitis
non-specific reactive hepatitis
lobular dissecting hepatitis

Question 2

what is chronic hepatitis categorized by?

Answer 2

activity/grade
chronicity/stage

Question 3

who can have nodular regeneration with chronic hepatitis?

Answer 3

canines

Question 4

what are some types of chronic hepatitidies in domestic animals?

Answer 4

idiopathic
familial/hereditary metabolic disease\infection by hepatotropic agent
toxic/drug-induced
chronic biliary obstruction
immune-mediated

Question 5

which dog breed has an elucidated breed-related copper accumulation mechanism?

Answer 5

bedlington terriers

Question 6

how can you confirm presence of copper in hepatocytes?

Answer 6

rhodanine staining

Question 7

what is the distribution of hepatocellular necrosis with viral heepatitidies?

Answer 7

random

Question 8

what does canine adenovirus-1 cause?

Answer 8

infectious canine hepatitis

Question 9

what can be seen in hepatic pathology with canine adenovirus-1?

Answer 9

centrilobular necrosis
intranuclear inclusion bodies of endothelial cells/hepatocytes

Question 10

what does theiler’s disease cause histologically?

Answer 10

massive hepatic necrosis
small, floppy, “dishrag” liver

Question 11

what are some bacterial hepatitidies?

Answer 11

hepatic abscesses
mycobacteriosis
clostridial hepatitis
leptospirosis

Question 12

what are the common agents in neonates in hepatic abscesses?

Answer 12

Streptococcus
Staphylococcus

Question 13

what causes tyzzer’s disease?

Answer 13

Clostridium piliforme

Question 14

what is the systemic disease from leptospirosis characterized by?

Answer 14

acute cholestatic injury and renal failure in dogs
liver involved in acute infection in all domestic species

Question 15

what are the types of parasitic hepatitidies?

Answer 15

trematodiasis
cestodiasis
nematodiasis

Question 16

what is Toxoplasma gondii?

Answer 16

obligate intracellular protozoa

Question 17

what are the forms of Leishmania infantum in canines?

Answer 17

visceral
cutaneous
mucocutaneous

Question 18

what three families of trematodes cause hepatic injury?

Answer 18

Fasciolidae
Dicrocoelidae
Opisthorchidae

Question 19

where are the adults of Fascioloides magna?

Answer 19

hepatic parenchyma

Question 20

in whom do larval cestodes of Taenia genus develop tissue cysts?

Answer 20

intermediate hosts

Question 21

what does larval migration of nematodes cause?

Answer 21

necrosis/inflammation which leads to mature scars
“milk spots”

Question 22

what can entrapped larvae of nematodes cause?

Answer 22

abscesses/granulomas

Question 23

what are the components of chronic hepatitis?

Answer 23

mild to moderate inflammatory infiltrate
hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis
development of fibrosis/cirrhosis +/- nodular regeneration
distortion of lobular architecture

Question 24

what can be seen with chronic hepatitis?

Answer 24

ill-thrift
non-specific GI signs
moderate to severely elevated ALT
+/- abnormal function tests

Question 25

what breeds are predisposed to canine copper-associated hepatitis?

Answer 25

bedlington terriers dobermans labs, skye terriers, dalmations, westies

Question 26

what regions are first impacted by copper-associated hepatitis?

Answer 26

centrilobular regions

Question 27

what do herpesviruses cause in neonates?

Answer 27

disseminated hemorrhage/necrosis of parenchymal organs

Question 28

what are the bacterial portals of entry into the liver?

Answer 28

portal vein umbilical veins hepatic artery biliary system parasitic migration direct extension from adjacent tissue

Question 29

what are the components of acute hepatitis?

Answer 29

leukocyte infiltration hepatocellular apoptosis/necrosis +/- hepatocellular regeneration

Question 30

what are some findings with cirrhosis?

Answer 30

cachexia signs of encephalopathy severely elevated ALT elevated SBA hyperbilirubinemia hypoalbuminemia +/- portal hypertension, ascites, MAPSS

Question 31

how does copper lead to hepatocellular death?

Answer 31

free radical production: cell membrane damage

Question 32

what are normal and pathologic values of copper?

Answer 32

normal <400 ppm dw usually >1000 ppm dw

Question 33

what does coronavirus (FIP) cause?

Answer 33

disseminated pyogranulomatous vasculitis

Question 34

what is wesselsbron virus?

Answer 34

arthropod-borne flavivirus

Question 35

what are some common agents in hepatic abscesses in feedlot cattle?

Answer 35

T. pyogenes F. necrophorum

Question 36

what causes bacillary hemoglobinuria/red water disease (hemolytic disease of bovine/ovine)?

Answer 36

Clostridia haemolyticum: C. novyi type D

Question 37

what is tyzzer's disease (Clostridia piliforme)?

Answer 37

severe disease laboratory rodents also foals, calves, dogs, cats focal hepatitis and necrosis + enterocolitis + myocardial necrosis

Question 38

what does Toxoplasma gondii cause in the liver?

Answer 38

necrotizing (cholangio)hepatitis as part of systemic infection

Question 39

where do Fasciola hepatica inhabit?

Answer 39

biliary system: adults snail intermediate host bovine/ovine

Question 40

what do larval cestodes of Echinococcus genus develop?

Answer 40

hydatid cysts in intermediate hosts

Question 41

what do larval cestodes of Taenia genus develop?

Answer 41

tissue cysts in intermediate hosts