Inflammatory response

Question 1

to fight an infection what do leukocytes travel through?

Answer 1

the blood stream

Question 2

what is endothelium?

Answer 2

thin layer of epithelial cells that line the interior surface of blood vessels

Question 3

what is transendothelial migration?

Answer 3

leukocytes pushing their way between endothelial cells to enter the connective tissue

Question 4

what is chemotaxis?

Answer 4

leukocytes enter the connective tissue and are attracted to the site of infection due to chemicals released by bacteria

Question 5

what is an example of a disease producing organism?

Answer 5

bacteria

Question 6

inflammation facilitates ____ and _____

Answer 6

healing

repair

Question 7

what is the inflammation response triggered by?

Answer 7

pathogens

Question 8

there is an increased ____ to infected or injured tissue to deliver cellular defenders

Answer 8

blood flow

Question 9

what leaks from capillaries into tissue at site of infection? also known as ___?

Answer 9

leukocytes and plasma proteins

-edema fluid

Question 10

is it possible for the inflammatory response in the periodontium to destruct tissue cells, connective tissue, and bone?

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what are inflammatory biochemical mediators?

Answer 11

biologically active compounds secreted by cells that activate the body’s inflammatory response

Question 12

3 mediators of importance in the periodontium

Answer 12

1. cytokines
2. prostaglandins
3. matrix metalloproteinases

Question 13

what are chemokines

Answer 13

a subgroup of cytokines that cause additional immune cells to be attracted to site of infection

Question 14

What do the blood vessels initially do in the inflammation process

Answer 14

constrict

Question 15

9 generalized steps of inflammation process

Answer 15

1. BV constrict
2. vessels dialate
3. hyperemia-blood flow increases
4. sludging
5. margination
6. pavementing
7. emigration
8. chemotaxis
9. cells phagocytize bacteria

Question 16

define sluding

Answer 16

vessels become more permeable resulting in decreased blood flow speed-clotting

Question 17

define margination

Answer 17

RBC move to center of blood vessels and WBC move to wall

Question 18

define pavementing

Answer 18

WBC adheres to wall of vessels

Question 19

define emigration

Answer 19

PMNs pass between endothelial cells into tissue

Question 20

what are the two stages of inflammation

Answer 20

1. acute

2. chronic

Question 21

what is the acute inflammation process achieved by?

Answer 21

increased movement of plasma and leukocytes from the blood into the injured tissue

Question 22

what is an early sign of inflammation?

Answer 22

bleeding

Question 23

in the acute inflammatory response after the PMN’s arrive at the site, what do they release?

Answer 23

cytokines

Question 24

what do cytokines induce the liver to produce?

Answer 24

C-reactive protein

Question 25

if the acute inflammatory responses are not controlled, what does it become?

Answer 25

chronic

Question 26

T/F: chronic inflammatory response doesn't cause more damage than the original problem

Answer 26

false; it does cause more damage

Question 27

if you don't have a tooth you don't have _____

Answer 27

bacteria

Question 28

are the 5 classic warning signs present in chronic inflammation?

Answer 28

no they are absent

Question 29

why does chronic inflammation occur?

Answer 29

the body is unable to rid itself of invading organisms

Question 30

the microorganisms are persistent and stimulate what kind of response in chronic inflammation

Answer 30

exaggerated host inflammatory response

Question 31

what kind of damage is done to the tissues with chronic inflammation?

Answer 31

permanent damage to the body tissues

Question 32

examples of chronic inflammation

Answer 32

1. rheumatoid arthritis 2. diabetes 3. asthma 4. gingivitis 5. periodontitis

Question 33

S/S of chronic inflammation may partially/completely disappear during a period of _____ or may be in an active period of disease known as _____

Answer 33

remission | exacerbation

Question 34

____ destroy tissue and ____ destroys bone

Answer 34

MMP(Matrix metalloproteinases) | prostaglandins

Question 35

Chemical mediators that activate the body's inflammatory response that are BAD:

Answer 35

1. IL-1, IL-6, IL-8 2. leukotrienes 3. prostaglandins 4. TNF-alpha