Search for causes of Perio Disease

Question 1

define epidemiology

Answer 1

study of health and disease within the total population rather than an individual

Question 2

what are risk factors

Answer 2

anything that increases the host susceptibility to perio disease

Question 3

name 5 risk factors for perio

Answer 3

1. heredity
2. personal behavior
3. physical environment
4. socioeconomic status
5. gender: males have more perio than females

Question 4

why do epidemiologists study perio disease? (2)

Answer 4

1. determine its occurrence in the population

2. identify risk factors for perio disease

Question 5

what is prevalence?

Answer 5

number of ALL cases of a disease (old and new) that are identified in a specific population at a given point of time

Question 6

what is incidence?

Answer 6

number of NEW disease cases in a population that occurs during a specific interval of time

Question 7

perio level in regard to:
education
age
access to dental care

Answer 7

education: increased perio on lower level education
age: older you are, more perio
access to dental care: barriers such as driving or paying

Question 8

T/F: it is easier to evaluate a population for perio disease than caries

Answer 8

false: easier to evaluate caries

Question 9

what variables must we consider when evaluating perio disease?

Answer 9

tissue color changes and swelling
degree of bleeding
probe depths

Question 10

what is one of the most widespread diseases in adults

Answer 10

perio disease

Question 11

before 1960, clinicians believed ____ was a mechanical irritant to tissues that caused perio disease

Answer 11

calculus

Question 12

before 1960: _____ + _____ = disease

Answer 12

calculus deposits + tooth = disease

Question 13

between 1975-1985: ___ + ______ =disease

Answer 13

bacteria + tooth = disease

Question 14

the interaction of ______ controls whether disease is present or not

Answer 14

the host and the pathogenic bacteria

Question 15

what are 3 factors that increase host susceptibility to perio disease

Answer 15

1. oral conditions (crowding)
2. systemic disease (diabetes)
3. genetics

Question 16

the current views are that professional prophylaxis is scheduled how often?

Answer 16

as frequently as needed

Question 17

if there is no improvement in the patients mouth, whos fault is it?

Answer 17

it is not the patients fault

Question 18

current views: _____ + ______ = disease

Answer 18

bacteria + host response to bacterial infection = disease

Question 19

disease progression means ____

Answer 19

disease gets worse

Question 20

what theory is used to understand how untreated perio progresses

Answer 20

intermittent progression theory

Question 21

does destruction occur in all parts of the mouth at the same time?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

risk factors are factors that ____ or ____ the liklihood of developing perio disease

Answer 22

modify or amplify

Question 23

what are the major established risk factors for perio

Answer 23

1. bacterial pathogens
2. cigarette smoking
3. local oral conditions
4. diabetes mellitus

Question 24

the _____ to bacteria is responsible for tissue destruction seen in periodontist

Answer 24

body’s response

Question 25

_____ are etiologic agents in perio disease

Answer 25

bacteria

Question 26

what part of the mouth harbors the most bacteria

Answer 26

the tongue

Question 27

T/F: most bacteria are harmful

Answer 27

false; most are innocuous (not harmful)

Question 28

what is the most abundant type of cell

Answer 28

bacteria

Question 29

top 4 places where bacteria are found

Answer 29

1. sponge 2. money 3. cell phone 4. keyboard

Question 30

type of bacteria according to shape: cocci, bacilli, vibrios, spirilla, spirochetes

Answer 30

cocci: circular, round bacilli: rods vibrios: rods spirilla: spiral shaped spirochetes: long, slender, slightly coiled

Question 31

what is a cell wall

Answer 31

tough protective layer that encloses bacteria

Question 32

____ bacteria require oxygen to live, while ____ bacteria cannot live in the presence of oxygen

Answer 32

aerobic, anerobic

Question 33

____ bacteria can exist with or without oxygen

Answer 33

facultative

Question 34

``` organisms as disease progresses: nonmotile--- gram +--- aerobic--- cocci--- less leukocytes---- ```

Answer 34

``` motile gram - anerobic rods more PMNs ```

Question 35

free floating bacteria are also known as?

Answer 35

planktonic

Question 36

T/F: 99% of bacteria on Earth are attached

Answer 36

True

Question 37

most bacteria live in complex communities called ____

Answer 37

biofilm

Question 38

bacteria form rapidly on almost any ___ surface

Answer 38

wet

Question 39

approximately ____ different bacterial species and subspecies are capable of colonizing the mouth

Answer 39

700

Question 40

In Health: what is the number of bacteria and how many are gram +

Answer 40

100-1000 healthy bacteria | and 75-80% are gram +

Question 41

In Gingivitis: what is the number of bacteria from one site, and how many gram + and gram -.

Answer 41

1000-100,000 bacteria | and equal portions of gram - and gram +

Question 42

In periodontitist: what is the number of bacteria from one site, and are gram + or gram - found in chronic perio?

Answer 42

100,000 to 100,000,000 bacteria from one site | and mostly gram - and motile bacteria found in chronic perio, as well as anerobic

Question 43

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans AA is associated with what type of perio, and capable of what?

Answer 43

found in aggressive perio and 25% of chronic perio | capable of evading normal host immune response and destroying gingival connective tissue and bone

Question 44

Tannerella forsythus (bf) has what significance with perio, and is the most common species in what cells

Answer 44

most significant risk factor that distinguishes individuals with perio from those who are healthy most commonly found in epithelial cells recovered from perio pockets

Question 45

porphyromonas gingivalis pg is found in what type of perio and is commonly seen in what type of disease sites. It can also inhibit migration of what

Answer 45

found in low numbers in health in gingivitis found more frequently in aggressive forms of perio commonly seen in disease sites that are worsening can inhibit migration of PMNs across the epithelial barrier

Question 46

____ is the transfer of periodontal pathogens from the oral cavity of one person to another.

Answer 46

transmission

Question 47

what is the primary way saliva and its bacterial contents are transmitted

Answer 47

kissing

Question 48

define communicable

Answer 48

a disease that may be passed from one person to another by direct or indirect contact via substances such as inanimate object