Influence of early attachment on later relationships

Question 1

Bowlby (1969) suggested that a baby’s first relationship with their primary attachment figure leads to what?

Answer 1

Mental representation of this relationship

Question 2

The internal working model acts as a ________ for future childhood and adult relationships

Answer 2

template

Question 3

The internal working model acts as a template for what?

Answer 3

Future childhood and adult relationships

Question 4

The quality of a baby’s first attachment is crucial because this template will…

Answer 4

powerfully affect the nature of their future relationships

Question 5

A baby whose first experience is of a loving relationship with a reliable attachment figure will tend to assume what?

Answer 5

This is how relationships are meant to be

Question 6

What is the benefit of assuming relationships are meant to be like the loving one you had with a reliable attachment figure when you were younger?

Answer 6

Someone with this assumption will seek out functional relationships and behave functionally within them without being too uninvolved or emotionally close

Question 7

Being uninvolved or emotionally close in a relationship are characteristics of which type of attachment?

Answer 7

Insecure-avoidant

Question 8

Being controlling and argumentative in a relationship are characteristics of which type of attachment?

Answer 8

Insecure-resistant

Question 9

A child with bad experiences of their first attachment will bring these bad experiences to bear on later _____________

Answer 9

relationships

Question 10

People with bad experiences of their first attachment will bring these bad experiences to bear on later relationships. This may mean they struggle to do what in the first place?

Answer 10

Form relationships

Question 11

People with bad experiences of their first attachment will bring these bad experiences to bear on later relationships. This may mean they struggle to form relationships in the first place or they may not ______ appropriately within relationships

Answer 11

behave

Question 12

People with bad experiences of their first attachment may display what types of behaviours in future relationships?

Answer 12

Insecure-avoidant or insecure-resistant behaviour

Question 13

Attachment type is associated with the quality of p___ r____________ in childhood

Answer 13

peer relationships

Question 14

True/False: Attachment type is associated with the quality of peer relationships in childhood

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Babies with which type of attachment tend to go on to form the best quality childhood friendships? (Kerns 1994)

Answer 15

Secure

Question 16

Babies with which type of attachment tend to go on to later have friendship difficulties (Kerns 1994)?

Answer 16

Insecure

Question 17

True/False: Bullying behaviour can be predicted by attachment type

Answer 17

True

Question 18

What did Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) assess?

Answer 18

Attachment type and bullying involvement

Question 19

Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) assessed attachment type and bullying involvement using ________ ______________ in 196 children aged 7-11 from London

Answer 19

standard questionnaires

Question 20

Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) assessed attachment type and bullying involvement using standard questionnaires in ___ children aged 7-11 from London

Answer 20

196

Question 21

Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) assessed attachment type and bullying involvement using standard questionnaires in 196 children aged _-__ from London

Answer 21

7-11

Question 22

Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) assessed attachment type and bullying involvement using standard questionnaires in 196 children aged 7-11 from where?

Answer 22

London

Question 23

Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) found that children with which type of attachment were very unlikely to be involved in bullying?

Answer 23

Secure

Question 24

Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) found that children with which type of attachment were most likely to be victims of bullying?

Answer 24

Insecure-avoidant

Question 25

Myron-Wilson and Smith (1998) found that children with which type of attachment were most likely to be bullies?

Answer 25

Insecure-resistant

Question 26

What are the two major adult experiences that internal working models affect?

Answer 26

Romantic relationships and paternal relationships with your own children

Question 27

Hazan and Shaver (1987) conducted a study of the association between which two things?

Answer 27

Attachment and adult relationships

Question 28

What did Hazan and Shaver (1987) analyse?

Answer 28

620 replies to a 'love quiz' printed in an American local newspaper

Question 29

Hazan and Shaver (1987) analysed ___ replies to a 'love quiz' printed in an American local newspaper

Answer 29

620

Question 30

Hazan and Shaver (1987) analysed 620 replies to what printed in an American local newspaper?

Answer 30

A love quiz

Question 31

Hazan and Shaver (1987) analysed 620 replies to a 'love quiz' printed where?

Answer 31

In an American local newspaper

Question 32

How many sections did the 'love quiz' analysed by Hazan and Shaver (1987) have?

Answer 32

3

Question 33

What did the first section of the 'love quiz' analysed by Hazan and Shaver (1987) assess?

Answer 33

Respondents' current or most important relationship

Question 34

What did the second part of the 'love quiz' analysed by Hazan and Shaver (1987) assess?

Answer 34

Respondents' general love experiences such as number of partners

Question 35

What did the third part of the 'love quiz' analysed by Hazan and Shaver (1987) assess?

Answer 35

Attachment type by asking respondents to choose which of three statements best described their feelings

Question 36

Hazan and Shaver (1987) found that __% of respondents were identified as securely attached

Answer 36

56

Question 37

Hazan and Shaver (1987) found that __% of respondents were identified as insecure-avoidant

Answer 37

25

Question 38

Hazan and Shaver (1987) found that __% of respondents were identified as insecure-resistant

Answer 38

19

Question 39

Hazan and Shaver (1987) found that those reporting secure attachments were the most likely to have what?

Answer 39

Good and longer-lasting romantic experiences

Question 40

Hazan and Shaver (1987) found that the avoidant respondents tended to reveal what?

Answer 40

Jealousy and fear of intimacy

Question 41

Hazan and Shaver (1987)'s findings suggest that patterns of attachment behaviour are reflected in what?

Answer 41

Romantic relationships

Question 42

How many adult woman who had been assessed when they were babies to establish their early attachment type did McCarthy (1999) study?

Answer 42

40

Question 43

McCarthy (1999) studied 40 adult women who had been assessed when they were babies to do what?

Answer 43

Establish their early attachment type

Question 44

McCarthy (1999) found that those assessed as securely attached babies had the best...

Answer 44

adult friendships and romantic relationships

Question 45

McCarthy (1999) found that those assessed as insecure-resistant as babies had particular problems with what?

Answer 45

Maintaining friendships

Question 46

McCarthy (1999) found that those assessed as insecure-avoidant as babies struggled with what?

Answer 46

Intimacy in romantic relationships

Question 47

True/False: Internal working models affect a child's ability to parent their own children

Answer 47

True

Question 48

Why do internal working models affect a child's ability to parent their own children?

Answer 48

People tend to base their parenting style on their internal working model so attachment type tends to be passed on through generations of family

Question 49

Bailey et al. (2007) considered the attachments of how many mothers to their babies and to their own mothers?

Answer 49

99

Question 50

How was mother-baby attachment assessed in Bailey et al. (2007)'s study?

Answer 50

Using the Strange Situation

Question 51

How was the mother's attachment to their own mother assessed in Bailey et al. (2007)'s study?

Answer 51

Using an adult attachment interview

Question 52

What were Bailey et al. (2007)'s findings?

Answer 52

The majority of women had the same attachment classification both to their babies and their own mothers

Question 53

Fearon and Roisman (2017) concluded that early attachment consistently predicts what?

Answer 53

Later attachment, emotional well-being and attachment to own children

Question 54

How strong the relationship is between early attachment type and later development depends on what?

Answer 54

Both the attachment type and the aspect of later development

Question 55

True/False: insecure-avoidant attachment seems to convey fairly mild disadvantages for any aspect of development

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Which type of attachment is strongly associated with later mental disorder?

Answer 56

Disorganised attachment

Question 57

True/False: Secure attachment as a baby appears to convey disadvantages for future development

Answer 57

False, it appears to convey advantages

Question 58

True/False: Not all evidence supports the existence of close links between attachment and later development

Answer 58

True

Question 59

The Regensburg longitudinal study (2008) followed how many individuals from what age?

Answer 59

43 individuals from one year of age

Question 60

In the Regensburg longitudinal study (2008), attachment was assessed at which age?

Answer 60

16

Question 61

In the Regensburg longitudinal study (2008), how was attachment assessed at age 16?

Answer 61

Using the adult attachment interview

Question 62

The Regensburg longitudinal study (2008) found no evidence of __________

Answer 62

continuity

Question 63

Findings from the Regensburg longitudinal study (2008) suggest that it is not clear to what extent...

Answer 63

the quality of early attachment really predicts ;ater development. There may be other important factors

Question 64

One limitation of most research into the influence of attachment is that early attachment is assessed in what way?

Answer 64

Retrospectively

Question 65

Most research on the link between early attachment and later development are/aren't longitudinal

Answer 65

aren't

Question 66

In research on the link between early attachment and later development, instead of carrying out longitudinal studies, researchers usually ask adolescent or adult participants what to identify attachment type?

Answer 66

Questions about their relationship with parents

Question 67

In research on the link between early attachment and later development, instead of carrying out longitudinal studies, researchers usually ask adolescent or adult participants questions about their relationship with parents in order to do what?

Answer 67

Identify attachment type

Question 68

Give an example of a validity problem caused by asking an adult questions about their relationship with their parents to assess attachment type retrospectively

Answer 68

Any from asking questions relies on the honesty and accurate perception of the participants and it means it is very hard to know whether what is being assessed is early attachment or in fact adult attachment

Question 69

The fact that most research into the influence of attachment includes retrospective assessment of early attachment means that the measures of early attachment used in most studies may be __________ with other factors making them ___________

Answer 69

confounded, meaningless

Question 70

True/False: A limitation of studies into the influence of early attachment on later development is the existence of confounding variables

Answer 70

True

Question 71

True/False: McCarthy's study assesses attachment in infancy which means that the assessment of early attachment is valid

Answer 71

True

Question 72

Why may studies that assess attachment in infancy have validity problems?

Answer 72

Associations between attachment quality and later development may be affected by confounding variables

Question 73

The fact that parenting style may influence both attachment quality and later development is an example of what?

Answer 73

A confounding variable

Question 74

The fact that genetically-influenced personality may be an influence on attachment quality and later development is an example of what?

Answer 74

A confounding variable

Question 75

Confounding variables mean that we can never be entirely sure that it is early attachment and not another factor that is influencing...

Answer 75

later development

Question 76

Clarke and Clarke (1998) said that the influence of early attachment is what?

Answer 76

Probabilistic

Question 77

True/False: Clarke and Clarke (1998)'s statement that the influence of early attachment is probabilistic means that an insecure attachment invariably causes increased risk of later developmental problems

Answer 77

False, an insecure attachment does not invariably cause increased risk of later developmental problems - no one is inevitably going to have unsuccessful romantic relationships because of their early attachment experiences

Question 78

True/False: Early attachment is the only factor involved in successful future relationships

Answer 78

False

Question 79

By knowing someone's attachment status we have an opportunity to do what?

Answer 79

Intervene and help their development

Question 80

By knowing someone's attachment status and intervening, we may also become too ___________ and create what?

Answer 80

pessimistic, create a self-fulfilling prophecy