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Info Systems Quiz 1 > Info Systems Exam 2 > Flashcards

Info Systems Exam 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Difficulties of Managing Data

A

increases exponentially w/ time. multiple sources of data. new sources of data, data rot, data security, and government regulation

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2
Q

data, information, and knowledge

A

raw, data w/ meaning, and apply information

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3
Q

internal sources, personal sources, and external sources of data

A

internal: company documents
personal: personal thoughts
external: commercial databases

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4
Q

Clickstream data

A

Data produced when a website is listed and hyperlinks are clicked

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5
Q

Data rot

A

refers to primarily to problems with the media on which the data is stored ex. physical problems

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6
Q

Data governance, master data management

A

DG: approach to managing information across an entire organization

MDM: “single version of the truth” for the company’s master data

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7
Q

Problems database systems minimize

A

Data redundancy: same data stored in multiple locations
Data isolation: Applications cannot access data associated with other applications
Data inconsistency: various copies of data do not agree

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8
Q

Things database systems maximize

A

data security: must have extremely high security measures in place
data integrity: data meet certain constraints
data independence: applications and data are independent of each other

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9
Q

Data hierarchy

A

bit (smallest unit of data), byte (group of eight bits)

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10
Q

DBMS

A

database management system: set of programs that provide users with tolls to create and manage a database

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11
Q

Relational database model

A

based on concept of two dimensional tables

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12
Q

Structured vs. unstructured data

A

structured: highly organized in fixed fields
unstructured: data that does not reside in a traditional relational database

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13
Q

Big data

A

collection of data that is so large and complex that it is difficult to manage using traditional database management systems

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14
Q

Characteristics of big data

A

volume: simply so much big data out there
velocity: rate at which data flow into an organization is rapidly increasing
variety: data formats change rapidly -> digital music files to web page content

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15
Q

Issues with big data

A

come from interested sources, dirty (inaccurate), subject to change

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16
Q

Big data in functional areas of the organization

A

Human Resources: analyzes health-insurance claim
Product development: capture customer preferences

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17
Q

Knowledge management

A

process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that comprises part of the organization’s memory

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18
Q

Explicit vs. tacit knowledge

A

explicit: consists of policies, reports, strategies
tacit: insights, expertise, trade skills

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19
Q

KMSs

A

knowledge management systems: use of internet etc. to expedite knowledge management both within one firm and among multiple firms

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20
Q

Benefits with KMSs

A

best practices readily available, improved customer service, more efficient product development

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21
Q

Challenges to KMSs

A

employees must share tacit knowledge, must continually be maintained/updated

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22
Q

electronic commerce vs. electronic business

A

commerce: process of buying, selling, information through computer networks
business: broader concept, performing electronic transactions within an organization

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23
Q

Brick-and-mortar organizations

A

physical location

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24
Q

Virtual organization

A

companies only engaged in EC

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25
Clicks-and-mortar organizations
conduct both digital and physical activities
25
Types of e-commerce
business-to-consumer (B2C): seller: organization buyer: individual business-to-business (B2B): businesses are both buyers and sellers consumer-to-consumer (C2C): individual sells products/services to another individual business-to-employee: organization uses EC internally to provide information and services to its employees e-government: use of internet technology to deliver information and public services to citizens
26
Electronic marketplace
central, virtual market space on the Web where many buyers and many sellers can conduct e-commerce and e-business activities
27
Review Electronic Card on P.560
28
Electronic retailing
direct sale of products and services through electronic storefronts or electronic malls
29
Electronic storefront vs. madd
storefront: represents a single store mall: collection of individual shops grouped under a single Internet address
30
sell-side vs. buy-side marketplace
sell: organizations sell their products or services to other organizations electronically buy: organizations attempt to procure needed product/services from other organizations electronically
31
Three types of public exchanges
Vertical: connect buyer and sellers in a given industry horizontal: connect buyers and sellers across many industries functional: needed services such as temporary help of extra office space are traded on an "as-needed" basis
32
Customer relationship management
customer-focused and customer-driven organizational strategy
33
Types of CRM
operational CRM: sales, marketing, customer service/support, campaign management customer-touching applications: search/comparison, customized products, technical information, FAQ analytical CRM: provide business intelligence (decision support, data mining)
34
Collaborative CRM systems
provide effective and efficient interactive communication with the customer throughout the entire organization
35
Operational CRM systems
support front-office business processes (sales, marketing, and service)
36
customer-facing CRM applications
an organization's sales, field service, and customer interaction center representatives interact directly with customer
37
Customer-touching applications
technologies that allow a customer to deal with a company representative and use these technologies to interact directly with the applications
38
Analytical CRM systems
provide business intelligence by analyzing customer behavior and perceptions
39
Supply chain
flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers
40
Three flows of supply chain
upstream (vendors): where sourcing/procurement from external supplier occurs internal: packaging, assembly, or manufacturing takes place downstream (customer): where distribution takes place, frequently by external distributors
41
Push model supply chain
make-to-stock, production prices beings with a forecast -> often incorrect
42
Pull model supply chain
make-to-order, production process begins with a customer order
43
Problems along the supply chain
1. uncertainties -> demand forecast 2. need to coordinate multiple activities, internal units, and business partners
44
IT components
hardware, software, networks, and databases
45
Evolution of modern infrastructure
stand-alone mainframes, mainframe/dumb terminals, stand-alone personal computers, local area networks, enterprise computing, cloud computing/mobile computing
46
Cloud computing characteristics
grid computing: pools various hardware/software components to create a single IT environment with shared resources (provide fault to tolerance/redundancy, easy to scale up/down) utility computing: service provider makes computing resources and infrastructure management available to a customer as needed (charge customer for specific usage)
47
Different types of clouds
public clouds: shared, easily accessible, available to general public private clouds: accessed only by a single entity or by an exclusive group of related entities hybrid clouds: composed of public and private clouds that remain unique entities, but nevertheless tightly integrated vertical clouds: retail, telecom, accounting
48
IaaS
infrastructure as a service:offer remotely accessible servers, networks, and storage resource pools
49
PaaS
platform as a service: customers rent servers, operating systems, storage, a database and network capacity over the internet
50
SaaS
cloud computing vendors provide software that is specific to their customers' requirements
51
Benefits of cloud computing
positive impact on employees, save money, improve organizational flexibility/competitiveness
52
Concerns/risks of cloud computing
legacy IT systems, reliability, privacy, security, regulatory/legal environment, criminal use
53
Technological advancement that led to advancements in AI
advancements in chip technology, big data, internet and cloud computing, improved algorithms
54
Four stages of AI
1. recommendation systems 2. analyze data 3. additional data from sensors 4. combine all of the above
55
expert systems
computer systems that attempt to mimic human experts by applying expertise in a specific domain
56
Machine learning
ability to accurately perform new, unseen tasks, built on known properties earned from training or historical data that are labeled
57
Deep learning
subset of machine learning in which the system discovers new patterns without being exposed to labeled historical or training data
58
Neural networks
set of virtual neurons or CPUs that work in parallel in an attempt to simulate the way the human brain works
59
Computer vision
ability of information systems to identify objects, scenes, and activities in images
60
Natural language processing
refers to the ability of information systems to work with text the way that humans do
61

Info Systems Quiz 1 (26 decks)

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