Info Systems Quiz 3

Question 1

Database

Answer 1

collection of related data files or tables that contain data

Question 2

What makes databases unique?

Answer 2

database decisions are much harder to undo, contains what an organization can do with its data for a long time

Question 3

data warehouses

Answer 3

data stored in databases must be accessible in a form that helps users to make decisions

Question 4

Difficulties of managing data

Answer 4

-data increases exponentially with time
-multiple sources of data
-new sources of data
-data rot, or data degradation
-data security, quality, and integrity
-government regulation

Question 5

internal, personal ,and external sources

Answer 5

internal: corporate databases and company documents
personal: personal thoughts, opinions, and experiences
external: commercial databases, government reports, corporate websites, clickstream data

Question 6

clickstream data

Answer 6

data that visitors and customers produce when they visit a website and click on hyperlinks

Question 7

Data rot

Answer 7

problems with the media on which the data is stored (ex. cds -> no player, physically damaged)

Question 8

data governance

Answer 8

approach to managing information across an entire organization

Question 9

master data management

Answer 9

process that spans all of an organization’s business processes and applications. allows companies with the ability to store, maintain, exchange, and synchronize a consistent, accurate, and timely “single version of the truth”

Question 10

master data

Answer 10

set of core data, such as a customer, product, employee, vendor, and geographic data that spans the enterprise’s information systems

Question 11

transactional data

Answer 11

generated and captured by operational systems, describe the business’s activities, or transactions

Question 12

data file

Answer 12

collection of logically related records

Question 13

Problems database systems minimize

Answer 13

redundancy, isolation, inconsistency

Question 14

Data redundancy

Answer 14

same data are stored in multiple locations

Question 15

Data isolation

Answer 15

applications cannot access data associated with other applications

Question 16

Data inconsistency

Answer 16

various copies of the data associated with other applications

Question 17

Problems database systems maximize

Answer 17

security, integrity, and independence

Question 18

Data security

Answer 18

risk of losing a lot of data at one time so must have extremely high security measures in place to minimize mistakes

Question 19

Data integrity

Answer 19

data meet certain constraints

Question 20

Bit

Answer 20

represents the smallest unit of data a computer can process

Question 21

Byte

Answer 21

group of eight bits, represents a single character

Question 22

Field and record

Answer 22

field: logical grouping of characters into a. word, a small group of words, or an identification number
record: local grouping of related fields, such as the student’s name, the courses taken, the data, and the grade

Question 23

Database management system (DBMS)

Answer 23

set of programs that provide users with tools to create and manage a database

Question 24

Relational database model

Answer 24

based on the concept of two dimensional tables

Question 25

data model, entity, instance, and attribute

Answer 25

data model: diagram that represents entities in the database and their relationships entity: person, place, thing, or event about which an organization maintains information instance: entity refers to each row in a relational table, which is a specific, unique representation of the entity attribute: characteristic or quality of a particular

Question 26

Primary key vs. secondary key vs. foreign key

Answer 26

primary: every record in the database must contain at least one field that uniquely identifies that record so that it can be retrieved, updated, and sorted secondary: another field that has some identifying information but typically does not identify the record with complete accuracy foreign: field in one table that uniquely identifies a row of another table - used to establish/enforce link between two tables

Question 27

structured and unstructured data

Answer 27

structured: highly organized in fixed fields in a data repository such as a relational database, must be defined in terms of field name and type unstructured data: does not reside in a traditional relational database ex. e-mail, videos, photos

Question 28

Big data

Answer 28

superabundance of data available today, collection of data that is is large and complex that it is difficult to manage using traditional database management systems

Question 29

Big data characteristics

Answer 29

-exhibit variety -include structured, unstructured, and semistructured data -generated at high velocity with an uncertain pattern -do not fit neatly into traditional, structured, relational databases -can be captured, processed, transformed, and analyzed in a reasonable amount of time only by sophisticated information systems

Question 30

Three distinct characteristics of big data

Answer 30

volume: simply just so much data velocity: rate at which data flow into an organization is rapidly increasing variety: traditional data formats tend to be structured and relatively well described, they change slowly

Question 31

Issues with big data

Answer 31

-can come from untrusted sources -big data is dirty (misspelled, inaccurate) -big data changes, especially in data streams

Question 32

What systems processes big data?

Answer 32

NoSQL - "not only SQL" (structured query language) can manipulate structured and unstructured data as well as inconsistent or missing data

Question 33

Putting big data to use

Answer 33

making big data available, enabling organizations to conduct experiments, micro segmentation of customers, creating new business models, organizations can analyze more data

Question 34

knowledge management

Answer 34

process that helps organizations manipulate important knowledge that comprises part of the organization's memory, usually in an unstructured format

Question 35

Knowledge

Answer 35

information that is contextual, relevant, and useful aka intellectual capital

Question 36

explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge

Answer 36

explicit: more objective, rational, and technical knowledge tacit: cumulative store of subjective or experiential learning

Question 37

Knowledge management systems (KMSs)

Answer 37

use of modern information technologies to systematize, enhance, and expedite knowledge management both within one firm and among multiple firms

Question 38

Customer relationship management

Answer 38

customer-focused and customer-driven organizational strategy, customer-centric way of thinking and acting treat different customers differently because their needs differ and their value to the company may also differ

Question 39

CRM strategy vs. CRM systems

Answer 39

CRM systems are information systems designed to support an organization's CRM strategy

Question 40

Customer touch points

Answer 40

numerous and diverse interactions organizations have with their customers

Question 41

Omni-channel marketing

Answer 41

refers to an approach to customers that creates a seamless experience regardless of the channel used to "touch" the business

Question 42

Collaborative CRM systems and customer identity management

Answer 42

Collaborative: provide effective and efficient interactive communication with the customer throughout the entire organization, integrate communications between the organization and its customers customer: large businesses need to understand who their customers are across the business and how their relationship has changed over time

Question 43

Operational CRM systems

Answer 43

support front-office business processes (sales, marketing, service)

Question 44

Customer-facing CRM applications

Answer 44

organization's sales, field service, and customer interaction center representatives interact directly with customers (ex. support, market, campaign management)

Question 45

Customer-touching CRM applications

Answer 45

use technology to interact directly with the applications themselves

Question 46

Analytical CRM systems

Answer 46

provide business intelligence by analyzing customer behavior and perceptions provide information concerning customer requests and transactions

Question 47

Supply chain

Answer 47

flow of materials, information, money, and services from raw material suppliers, through factories and warehouses, to the end customers

Question 48

Supply chain visibility

Answer 48

refers to the ability of all organizations within a supply chain to access or view relevant data on purchased materials as these materials move through their suppliers' production processes and transportation networks to their receiving docks

Question 49

Three segments of supply chain

Answer 49

Upstream: where sourcing or procurement from external suppliers occurs (orders, information, payments, and returns) internal: where packaging, assembly, or manufacturing takes place downstream: where distribution takes place, frequently by external distributors (products, services, and information)

Question 50

function of supply chain management

Answer 50

improve the processes a company uses to acquire the raw materials it needs to produce a product or service then deliver that product or service to its customers

Question 51

Five basic components of SCM

Answer 51

plan, source, make, deliver, return

Question 52

Interorganziational information system

Answer 52

information flows among two or more organizations -reduce costs of routine business transactions -improve the quality of information flow by reducing or eliminating errors -compress the cycle time involved in fulfilling business transactions -eliminate paper processing and its associated inefficiencies and costs -make transfer and processing of information easier for users

Question 53

SCM push model

Answer 53

known as make-to-stock, production process begins with a forecast, which is simply an educated guess as to customer demand -> often incorrect

Question 54

SCM pull model

Answer 54

make-to-order, production process begins with a customer order

Question 55

Problems along supply chain

Answer 55

primarily from two sources: uncertainties and the need to coordinate multiple activities, internal units, and business partners

Question 56

Bullwhip effect

Answer 56

erratic shifts in orders up and down the supply chain

Question 57

Solutions to supply chain problems

Answer 57

using inventories to solve supply chain problems and information sharing

Question 58

Vertical integration

Answer 58

business strategy in which a company purchases its upstream suppliers to ensure that its essential supplies are available as soon as the company needs them

Question 59

Just-in-time

Answer 59

deliver the precise number of parts, called work-in-process inventory, to be assembled into a finished product at precisely the right time

Question 60

Vendor-managed inventory (VMI)

Answer 60

occurs when the supplier, rather than the retailer, manages the entire inventory process for a particular product or group of products

Question 61

Three flows of supply chain

Answer 61

material flows: physical products, raw materials, supplies information flows: data related to demand shipments, orders, returns, schedules financial flows: money transfers, payments, credit card information/authorization

Question 62

data hierarchy

Answer 62

bit, byte, field, data file/table, database

Question 62

smallest and largest name for data

Answer 62

smallest: kilobyte largest: yottabyte