Infratentorial brain Flashcards by Marie Florence Roxas

Posterior fossa houses

Brainstem and cerebellum
Cerebral aqueduct and fourth ventricle
CSF cisterns containing CNs, vertebrobasillar arterial system and veins

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Largest part of hindbrain, integrated coordinations and fine tuning of movement and regulation of muscle tone

Cerebellum

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Connects pons and cerebellum with forebrain

Midbrain (mesencephalon)

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Relays information from brain to cerebellum

Pons

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Relays information from spinal cord to brain

Medulla

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Contains large descending white matter tracts: midbrain cerebral peduncles, pontine bulb, medullary pyramids

Ventral part of brainstem

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Contains tegmentum, common to midbrain, pons and medulla; contains CN nuclei and reticular formation

Dorsal part of brainstem

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Has two hemispheres and midline vermis, three surfaces, connected to brainstem by three paired peduncles, cortical gray matter, central white matter and 4 paired deep gray nuclei

Cerebellum

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Superior boundary of posterior fossa

Tentorium cerebelli

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Anterior border of posterior fossa

Clivus

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Lateral border of posterior fossa

Temporal bones and calvarium

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Inferior border of posterior fossa

Foramen magnum and calvarium

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Contains cerebral peduncles (crus cerebri) that contains corticospinal, corticobulbar and corticopontine tracts

Ventral midbrain

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Ventral to cerebral aqueduct

Dorsal tegmentum of midbrain

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Upper midbrain contains what cranial nerve at superior colliculus level

CN3

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Lower midbrain contains what cranial nerve at inferior colliculus level

CN4

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Dorsal to cerebral aqueduct

Tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

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Contains the white matter tracts of medial longitudinal fasciculus, medial lemniscus, lateral lemniscus, spinothalamic tract, central tegmental tract

Dorsal tegmentum of midbrain

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Contains white matter tracts if medial longitudinal fasciculus, medial lemniscus, lateral lemniscus, trapezoid body, spinothalamic tract, central tegmental tract

Dorsal tegmentum of pons

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Contains main nuclei of CN5

Upper pons

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Contains nuclei of CN6,7,8

Lower pons

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Contains CN nuclei of 9,10,11

Upper and mid medulla

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Contains CN12 nuclei

Mid medulla

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3 surfaces of cerebellum

Superior (tentorial)
Inferior (suboccipital)
Anterior (petrosal)

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Major fissures of cerebellum

Primary (tentorial) Horizontal (petrosal) Prebiventral/prepyramidal (suboccipital)

Also called brachium conjunctivum

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Also called brachium pontis

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Also called the restiform body

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Midbrain is supplied by

Perforating branches from basilar, superior cerebellar and posterior cerebral arteries

Pons is supplied by

Superior cerebellar artery, perforating branches of basilar artery

Medulla is supplied by

Anterior spinal artery, vertebral artery penetrating branches, posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Cerebellum is supplied by

Superior cerebellar, posterior inferior cerebellar and anterior inferior cerebellar arteries

“Butterfly-shaped” upper brainstem which passes thru hiatus in tentorium cerebelli

Midbrain

3 main parts of midbrain

Cerebral peduncles, tegmentum, tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

Adjacent CSF cisterns of midbrain

Interpeduncular, ambient (perimesencephalic), quadrigeminal plate

Anterior CSF cistern of midbrain that contains CN3

Interpeduncular

Lateral CSF cistern of midbrain that contains CN4

Ambient

Posterior CSF cistern of midbrain that contains CN4

Quadrigeminal plate

Oculomotor-vestibular mesencephalic tegmentum

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

Somatosensory mesencephalic tegmentum

Medial lemniscus and spinothalamic tract

Auditory mesencephalic tegmentum

Lateral lemniscus

Motor mesencephalic tegmentum

Central tegmental tract

Pigmented nucleus, extends through midbrain from pons to subthalamic region, important in movement

Substantia nigra

Contains dopaminergic cells that is atrophies in Parkinson disease

Pars compacta

Contains GABAergic cells

Pars reticularis

Relay and control station for cerebellar, globus pallidus and corticomotor impulses. Important for muscle tone, posture, locomotion

Red nucleus

Surrounds cerebral aqueduct. | Important in modulation of pain and defensive behavior

Periaqueductal grey

Dorsal to CN3 nucleus in periaqueductal grey

Edinger-Westphal parasympathetic nuclei

Expands from medulla to rostral midbrain that occupies central tegmentum, with afferent and efferent connections. Important in consciousness, motor function, respiration and cardiovascular control

Reticular formation

Visual pathway in tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

Superior colliculi

Auditory pathway in tectum (quadrigeminal plate)

Inferior colliculi

Contains CN5-8

Pons

Adjacent CSF cisterns of pons

Prepontine and cerebellopontine angle

Prepontine cistern contains

CN5 and 6

Cerebellopontine cistern contains

CN7 and 8

Blood supply of pons

Medial branches of superior cerebellar arteries, perforating branches of basilar artery, thalamoperforator arteries

Bulk of motor, main sensory and mesencephalic nuclei located in pons

CN5

Nucleus in pontine tegmentum near midline, anterior to fourth ventricle

CN6

Bulge in the floor of fourth ventricle that contains axons of facial nerve loop around abducens nucleus

Facial colliculus

3 main nuclei of facial nerve within pons

Motor, superior salivatory, solitary tract

CN8 niclei beneath lateral recess along floor of fourth ventricle (rhomboid fossa)

Vestibular nuclei

CN8 nuclei on lateral surface of inferior cerebellar peduncle (restiform body)

Dorsal and ventral cochlear nuclei

White matter lesions affecting middle cerebellar peduncle (brachium pontis) or location of medial longitudinal fasciculus

Multiple sclerosis

Osmotic demyelination (central pontine myelinolysis) is characterized by

Central T1 hypointensity and T2 hyperintensity in ventral pons

Enhancing mass in CPA angle

Vestibulocochlear schwanoma or meningioma

Contains CN9-12 nuclei

Medulla

Caudal border contains first cervical nerves

Medulla

Arise from superior aspect of dorsal medulla; peduncles diverge and incline to enter cerebellar hemispheres. Contains nuclei of CN8 located along its dorsal surface

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

Paired medial nuclei in lower aspect if dorsal medulla

Gracilis

Paured lateral nuclei in lower aspect of dorsal medulla

Cuneatus

Blood supply of medulla

Distal vertebral arteries, posterior inferior cerebellar arteries, anterior spinal artery

Largest nuclei in medulla and forms bulge on surface of medulla

Inferior olivary nucleus

Occupies central tegmentum, afferent and efferent connections. Important in consciousness, motor function, respiration and cardiovascular control

Reticular formation

CN9-11 exit medulla in what sulcus

Postolivary sulcus

CN12 exits anterior medulla in what sulcus

Pre-olivary sulcus

Interactive organ for coordination and fine tuning of movement and regulation of muscle tone

Cerebellum

Cerebellar peduncle that contains efferent fiber systems extending to red nucleus and thalamus

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Cerebellar peduncle that contains fiber mass originating from pontine nuclei and represent continuation of corticopontine tracts

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Cerebellar peduncle that contains spinocerebellar tracts and connections to vestibular nuclei

Inferior cerebellar peduncle

CSF cistern that is inferior to cerebellum

Cisterna magna

Blood supply of cerebellum

Superior cerebellar attery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery and posterior inferior cerebellar artery

Cerebellar vermis is separated by what fissure

Horizontal (petrosal) fissure

Fibers from vermis cortex, vestibular nuclei and other medulla nuclei

Fastigial nucleus (medial vermis)

Fibers from vermis cortex, sends fibers to medulla nuclei

Globose (posterior) nucleus

Fibers from cerebellar cortex, between vermis and hemispheres, sends fibers to thalamus

Emboliform (anterior) nucleus

Fibers from hemispheric cortex, sends fibers to red nucleus and thalamus. Largest nucleus, shaped as a heavily folded band with medial opening

Dentate nucleus

Contains CN7 and CN8 and AICA loop

CPA-IAC cistern

Lateral CSF-filled cap of IAC cistern containing distal CN7, inferior and superior vestibular nerves and cochlear nerve

IAC fundus

Bony opening connecting IAC fundus to cochlea

Cochlear aperture

CN7 and CN8 orientation in IAC cistern

Seven-up, coke down

Arises from basilar artery then rises into IAC, continues in IAC as internal auditory artery. Supplies 3 branches to inner ear

Anterior inferior cerebellar artery

Horizontal bony projection from IAC fundus

Crista falciformis

Vertical bony ridge in superior portion IAC fundus

Vertical crest

IAC outlet for cochlear nerve to cochlea

Cochlear apperture

Perforated bone between IAC and vestibule of inner ear

Macula cribrosa

Infratentorial brain Flashcards

(95 cards)