Supratentorial Brain Flashcards
(149 cards)
1
Q
Complex convolutions of brain cortex
A
Gyri
2
Q
CSF-filled grooves or clefts that separate gyri
A
Sulci
3
Q
Parts of frontal, temporal and parietal loves that overhang/enclose insula
A
Operculae
4
Q
Two cerebral hemispheres are linked by
A
Commissural fibers
5
Q
Cerebral hemispheres are separated by
A
Deep median cleft, the great longitudinal interhemispheric fissure
6
Q
Central sulcus of rolando separates
A
Frontal and parietal lobes
7
Q
Sylvian fissure separates
A
Frontal and parietal lobe from temporal lobe below
8
Q
What is anterior to angular gyrus
A
Temporal lobe
9
Q
Anterior to parietooccipital sulcus
A
Parietal lobe
10
Q
Cortical region hidden within depths of lateral (sylvian) fissure: covered by frontal, temporal, parietal opercula
A
Insula
11
Q
Primary motor cortex
A
Precentral gyrus
12
Q
Anterior to the precentral gyrus
A
Premotor cortex
13
Q
Primary somatosensory cortex
A
Post central gyrus
14
Q
Lies posterior to the postcentral gyrus
A
Superior and inferior parietal lobules
15
Q
Lateral precentral gyrus
A
Head/face
16
Q
Medial precentral gyrus
A
Legs/feet
17
Q
Inferior postcentral gyrus
A
Face, tongue, lips
18
Q
Superolateral postcentral gyrus
A
Trunk, upper limb
19
Q
Medial postcentral gyrus
A
Lower limb
20
Q
Lies at the end of sylvian fissure
A
Supramarginal gyrus
21
Q
Ventral to supramarginal gyrus
A
Angular gyrus
22
Q
Medial surface of parietal lobe
A
Precuneus
23
Q
Primary visual cortex
A
Medial occipital lobe
24
Q
Primary auditory cortex
A
Superior temporal gyrus
25
Part of temporal lobe that connects with auditory, somatosensory, visual association pathways
Middle temporal gyrus
26
Higher visual association area
Inferior temporal gyrus
27
Includes the major subdivisions of limbic system
Parahippocampal gyrus on medial surface and merges into uncus
28
Somatosensory function that lies in the floor of sylvian fissure, overlapped by frontal, temporal and parietal operculae
Insula
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Limbic system
Subcallosal, cingulate, parahippocampal gyri
30
Covers base of frontal lobe
Orbital gyri
31
Covers base of frontal lobe medially
Gyrus rectus
32
Olfactory bulb lies in
Olfactory sulcus
33
White matter tract fibers
Association fibers
Commissural fibers
Projection fibers
34
White matter tract fiber that interconnect different cortical regions in same hemisphere
Association fiber
35
Long association fiber which lies beneath cingulate gyrus
Cingulum
36
What matter fiber that interconnect similar cortical regions of opposite hemisphere
Commissural fibers
37
Largest commissural fiber that links cerebral hemispheres
Corpus callosun
38
White matter fiber that connects cerebral cortex with deep nuclei, brainstem, cerebellum, spinal cord
Projection fibers
39
Major projection fiber
Internal capsule
40
Basal ganglia contains
Globus pallidus, putamen, caudate nucleus
41
Paired nuclear complexes, serves as relay station for most sensory pathways
Thalamus
42
White matter is best imaged with
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on 1.5 or 3 tesla
43
Limbic system best evaluated with
High res coronal T2 MR, T1 volume images and FLAIR
44
Best evaluates cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia and thalami
Multiplanar MR
45
Helpful for evaluation of supratentorial disease processes
Diffusion imaging
46
Parts of corpus callosum
Rostrum
Genu
Body
Splenium
47
Projection fibers from internal capsule that fans out and represent all cortical areas
Corona radiata
48
Major conduit of fibers to/from cerebral cortex
Internal capsule
49
Anterior limb of internal capsule contains
Frontopontine fibers, thalamacortical projections
50
Genu of internal capsule contains
Corticobulbar fibers
51
Posterior limb of internal capsule contains
Corticospinal tract, upper limb-anterior, trunk and lower limbs-posterior
52
Major efferent projection fibers that connect motor cortex to brainstem, spinal cord, converge into corona radiata, continue thru posterior limb of internal capsule to cerebral peduncle and lateral funiculus
Corticospinal tract
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Major efferent projection fibers connect motor cortex to bs and sc and converge into corona radiata to genu of internal capsule to cerebral peduncle, terminate in motor cranial nerve nuclei
Corticobulbar tract
54
Motor information to pons
Corticopontine tract
55
Connects entire cerebral cortex with isotopic location in thalamus
Corticothalamic tract
56
Myelination pattern
Inferior to superior
Central to peripheral
Posterior to anterior
57
Fully myelinated white matter appear what on T1 and what on T2WI
Hyperintense on T1
| hypointense on T2WI
58
In white matter maturation:
| T1:W1 is most useful at what age
Up to 6 months
59
In white matter maturation: T2 is most useful at what age
After 6 months
60
Subcortical nuclear masses in inferior hemispheres, involved in motivation and controlling movement
Basal ganglia
61
Lentiform nucleus include
Globus pallidus and putamen
62
Corpus striatum include
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
63
Neostriatum include
Putamen and caudate
64
Paired ovoid nuclear complexes that relay stations for most sensory pathways
Thalamus
65
Complex region of nuclear masses ; relay stations for most sensory pathways
Thalamus
66
Complex region of nuclear masses, fiber tracts that plays major role in normal basal ganglia function
Subthalamus
67
Basal ganglia consist of
Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus
68
Separates caudate head from putamen and GP
Anterior limb of internal capsule
69
Separate thalamus from basal ganglia
Posterior limb of internal capsule
70
C-shaped curved nucleus with large head, tapered body, down-curving tail
Caudate nucleus
71
Deep groove of caudate nucleus that separates caudate from thalamus; its stria terminalis lies deep to ependyma, helps form choroid fissure
Sulcus terminalis
72
Which has higher myelin content, GP or putamen
GP
73
Putamen is separated by
Lateral (external) medullary lamina
74
GP has two segments separated by internal medullary lamina, which are
Lateral (external)
| Medial (internal) segments
75
Ovoid nucleus that extends from Foramen of monroe to quadrigeminal plate of midbrain
Thalamus
76
Thalamus is subdivided to
Nuclear groups
Geniculate nuclei
Pulvinar
77
Part of visual system, that is ovoid ventral projection from posterior thalamus
Lateral geniculate nucleus
78
Part of auditory system that is medial to lateral geniculate nucleus along posterior thalamus
Medial geniculate nucleus
79
Occupies caudal third of thalamus and overhangs superior colliculus
Pulvinar
80
Also called interthalamic adhesiom that connects thalami across third ventricle
Massa intermedia
81
Lens-shaped, lies superolateral to red nucleus
Subthalamic nucleus
82
Lamella that wraps around lateral thalamus, separated from it by external medullary lamina
Reticular nucleus
83
Vascular supply of basal ganglia
Mostly lenticulostriate arteries
84
Vascular supply of thalamus
Thalamoperforators from posterior communicating, basilar, P1 posterior cerebral arteries
85
Large thalamoperforator that may supply bilateral medial thalami
Artery of Percheron or paramedian thalamic artery
86
Most common location affected by hypertensive hemorrhage
Putamen
87
Most sensitive area of brain to hypoxia
Globus pallidus and hippocampus
88
Common location for strokes, particularly lacunar infarcts and hypertensive hemorrhages
Basal ganglia
89
Phylogenetically older cortex that has a major role in memory, olfaction, emotion
Limbic lobe
90
Formed by nestes “C-shaped” arches of tissues surrounding diencephalon, basal ganglia
Limbic lobe
91
Largest arch of limbic system
Outer arch
92
Anterior end of parahippocampal gyrus
Uncus
93
Swings medially at posterior temporal lobe and becomes isthmus of cingulate gyrus
Parahippocampal gyrus
94
Anterosuperior continuation of parahippocampal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
95
Anteroinferior continuation of cingulate gyrus
Subcallosal (paraolfactory area)
96
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Arch of limbic lobe that extends from temporal to frontal lobes, comprised of:
Uncus
Parahippocampal gyrus
Cingulate gyrus
Subcallosal
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Outer arch
97
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Arch of limbic lobe that extends from temporal to frontal lobes comprised of:
Hippocampus
Dentate gyrus
Supracallosal gyrus
Paraterminal gyrus
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Middle arch
98
A thin strip of gray matter that extends from dentate/hippocampus all the way around corpus callosum to paraterminal gyrus
Supracallosal gyrus
99
Smallest arch of limbic lobe that extends from temporal lobe to mamillary bodies.
Comprised of fornix, fimbria
Inner arch
100
Curved structure on medial aspect of temporal lobe that bulges into floor of temporal horn
Hippocampus
101
Three anatomic subdivisions of hippocampus
Head (pes hippocampus)
Body
Tail
102
Zone in Ammon horn (hippocampus proper) that is composed of Small pyramidal cells that is most vulnerable; commonly affected by anoxia, mesial temporal sclerosis
CA1 (sommer sector)
103
Primary efferent system from hippocampus
Fornix
104
Large complex of gray nuclei medial to uncus, just in front of temporal horn of lateral ventricle
Amygdala
105
Major efferent of amygdala
Stria terminalis
106
Incomplete fusion of hippocampal sulcus that becomes CSF containing cysts along medial hippocampus are normal or abnormal?
Normal variant
107
Concave midline depression in basisphenoid
Sella
108
Anterior borders of sella
Tuberculum sellae, anterior clinoid processes of lesser sphenoid wing
109
Posterior borders of sella
Dorsum sellae, posterior clinoid processes
110
Covers sella
Diaphragma sellae
111
80% of hypophysis
Adenohypophysis
112
Includes para anterior (pars distalis or glandularis), pars intermedia, pars tuberalis
Secretes somato-, lactogenic, other hormones
Adenohypophysis
113
Vascular supply of adenohypophysis
Portal venous via hypothalamus
114
<5% of pituitary, located between AH/NH, contains axons from hypothalamus
Carries releasing hormones to AH, NH
Pars intermedia
115
20% of pituitary and includes pars posterior (nervosa), infundibular stem, median eminence of tuber cinereum
Neurohypophysis
116
Contains pituicytes, hypothalamohypophysial tract
| Stores vasopressin, oxytocin
Neurohypophysis
117
Vascular supply of neurohypophysis
Arterial (superior and inferior hypophyseal arteries
118
Paired, septated, dural-lined venous sinuses that lack valves
Cavernous sinus
119
Venous tributaries of cavernous sinus
Superior, inferior ophthalmic veins
| Sphenoparietal sinus
120
Contents of cavernous sinus
Venous blood, CN3, 4, V1,V2, V3 and CN6, ICAs and sympathetic plexus
121
Cranial nerve that lies within superior lateral dural wall
CN3
122
Cranial nerve that lies within cavernous sinus, next to ICA
CN6
123
CN that lies just below CN3
CN4
124
CN found in lateral wall below CN4
V1 ophthalmic division
125
Most inferior cranial nerve in lateral cavernous sinus wall
V2 maxillary division
126
Cranial nerve that doesnnot enter cavernous sinus proper (passes from meckel cave inferiorly into foramen ovale)
V3 mandibular branch
127
Normal size of pituitary in children
< 6 mm
128
Normal size of pituitary in males
8 mm
129
Normal size of pituitary in post-menopausal females
8mm
130
Physiologic hypertrophy of pituitary in young females, what size
10mm
131
Size of pituitary in pregnant/lactating females
12 mm
132
Caused by protrusion of arachnoid, CSF into sella, in which normal pituitary becomes flatted, displaced posteroinferiorly against sellar floor
May be associated with pseudotumor cerebri
Empty sella
133
Can mimic intrasellar aneurysm, compress pituitary
Paramedian ICAs (kissing carotids)
134
May mimic ICA aneurysm
Anterior clinoid pneumatization
135
Suprasellar bright spot is usually what
Ectopic neurohypophysis
| Less often lipoma
136
Epiphysis cerebri also called
Pineal gland
137
Dorsal nuclei of diencephalon
Epithalamus
138
Major components of pineal region
Pineal gland
Posterior recesses of third ventricle
Internal cerebral veins, vein of Galen, medial posterior choriodal artery
Epithalamus, quadrigeminal plate (tectum), corpus callosum
Dura, arachnoid
139
Unpaired midline endocrine organ located within quadrigeminal cistern
Pineal gland
140
Vascular supply of pineal gland
Primarily medial posterior choriodal artery ( lacks blood-brain barrier)
141
Contents of pineal gland
Pineal parenchymal cells, germ cells, some neuroglial cells (primarily astrocytes)
142
Function is ro secrete melatonin, thought to regulare sleep/wake cycle, regulation of reproductive function
Pineal gland
143
Connects habenular, amygdaloid nuclei and hippocampi
Habenular commissure
144
Connections with dorsal thalamus, superior colliculi, pretectal nuclei and others; medial longitudinal fasciculus fibers also cross here
Posterior commissure
145
Fibers connecting both habenular nuclei
Stria medullaris thalami
146
Relay station for olfactory centers, brainstem, and pineal
Habenular nuclei
147
Connections with hypothalamus, hippocampus, amygdala, brainstem, septal nuclei and stria terminalis
Paraventricular nuclei
148
Dorsal midbrain or collicular syndrome caused by mass in pineal region compressing tectal plate, with loss of vertical gaze; nystagmus on attempted convergence, pseudo-Argyll-Robertson pupil
Parinaud syndrome
149
Sudden onser severe headache, visual problems, hemorrhage into pineal cyst or neoplasm
Pineal apoplexy
