Ingrid Molderez - Values Flashcards
(11 cards)
Different models of sustainability
- triple bottom line
= a sustainability framework that revolves around the three P’s:
people, planet and profit
Sheer space between society, economy, environment - strong sustainability model (embedded model)
Econosphere, soeciosphere and biosphere are embedded (from small to big - indicating the planet is the first and most important thing) - United Nations model
People, Prosperity, Peace, Partnership, planet and people - Donut model
= is also embedded model, stating that if you overshoot the econolocial aspect, the rest will suffer and doesn’t mention the economic aspect. You only have one safe space between the social foundation (middle) and the ecological ceiling (outer part). If we go over the outer layer we overshoot, but if we say in the ‘hole of the donut’ we have a shortfall
Strong vs weak sustainability?
Weak Sustainability : Interchangeability of natural capital and human-made capital
Objective monetary valuation of natural capital
Strong Sutainability: An essential physical subset of natural capital must be preserved because this critical natural capital cannot be substituted
Substitutions are not permitted
Value frameworks as numbers and principles
Mazzucato’s idea of values
Mariana Mazzucato’s work on value creation challenges traditional economic perspectives by emphasizing the process behind production, distribution, and reinvestment.
Production: How are these outputs produced?
Is the creation useful? Resilience?
Distribution: How are they shared across the economy?
Reinvestment: What is done with the earnings that are created from their production?
Her work critiques the idea that market price alone determines value, arguing that financial speculation and rent-seeking often distort what is considered “valuable”.
Piketty’s propostions (6)
- Capitalism produces unsustainable inequalities. Left unchecked, capitalism tends to concentrate wealth in the hands of a few, leading to extreme inequality over time.
- Wealth grows faster than output and wages. This is the famous formula r > g, where r is the return on capital and g is the economic growth rate. When r > g, the wealth of capital owners grows faster than the economy, widening inequality.
- Inequality is not primarily about merit or productivity. The richest individuals often earn and accumulate wealth through inheritance and ownership, not through work or innovation.
- Modern inequality is political and historical, not natural.Inequality is shaped by institutions, policies, wars, and political choices — it is not an inevitable outcome of economic laws.
- Education and diffusion of knowledge are key to reducing inequality. Investment in education and access to knowledge can help level the playing field and foster social mobility.
- A progressive tax on capital is necessary. To prevent runaway inequality, Piketty argues for a global progressive tax on wealth and inheritance, coupled with transparency and democratic control of capital
Schwarz’ value framework
Discovered that there are universal values (10)
- Self-direction - independent thought and action - choosing, creating, exploring
- Stimulation - excitement, novelty, and challenge in life
- Hedonism - pleasure and sensuous gratification for oneself
- Achievement - personal success thorugh demonstrating competence according to social standards
- Power - social status and prestige, control or dominance over people and resources
- Security - safety, harmony, and stability of society, of relationship, and of self
- Conformity - restraint of actions, inclinations, and and impulses likely to upset or harm others and violate social expectations or norms
- Tradition - respect, commitment, and acceptance of the customs and ideas that traditional culture or religion provides
- Benevolence - preservation and enhancement of the welfare of people with whom one is in frequent personal contact
- Universalism - understanding, appreciation, tolerance and protection for the welfare of all people and for nature
Role of irritation and anomalies in changing
According to Schwartz’s Values Theory, values affect behaviour only if they are activated. They can be activated by irritation or anomalies.
An irritation or challenge can become a selection of alternative practice which in their turn can become a stabilisation of social practice.
!: we go from information -> realizing in shock that you are contributing to the problem -> feeling emotional -> questioning your purpose and values -> urge to act.
Human Rights
Child labour, forced labour, modern slavery
Corruption, bribery
