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Oral Boards Study Guide > Inhalation Agents > Flashcards

Inhalation Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Sevoflurane: Class

A

Inhaled anesthetic : Ether

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2
Q

Sevoflurane: Use

A

Induction and maintenance of General Anesthesia

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3
Q

Sevoflurane: Mechanism of Action

A

Brain:
- Stimulates GABA-a receptor
- Increases Cl influx and hyperpolarizes neurons by increasing the amount of time the channel stays open
- Impairs neurons ability to fire
Spinal Cord:
- Stimulates glycine receptor
- Inhibits NMDA receptor
- Inhibits Na channel

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4
Q

Sevoflurane: Dose

A

MAC: 2.0%

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5
Q

Sevoflurane: B:G Solubility

A

0.65

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6
Q

Sevoflurane: Vapor Pressure

A

157

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7
Q

Sevoflurane: Contraindication

A

Malignant Hyperthermia
Severe liver disease (higher risk of immune mediated hepatitis due to relatively high hepatic metabolism

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8
Q

Sevoflurane: Considerations

A

Compound A (in hydrated or dessicated)
Needs minimum FGF
Good agent for inhalation inductions in Pediatrics
High concentrations can produce seizure activity
Increase risk for PONV

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9
Q

Sevoflurane: Metabolism

A

2-5% in liver

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10
Q

Desflurane: Class

A

Inhaled anesthetic: Ether

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11
Q

Desflurane: Use

A

Induction and Maintenance of General Anesthesia

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12
Q

Desflurane: Mechanism of Action

A

Brain:
- Stimulates GABA-a receptor
- Increases Cl influx and hyperpolarizes neurons by increasing the amount of time the channel stays open
- Impairs neurons ability to fire
Spinal Cord:
- Stimulates glycine receptor
- Inhibits NMDA receptor
- Inhibits Na channel

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13
Q

Desflurane: Dose

A

MAC: 6.6

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14
Q

Desflurane: B:G Solubility

A

0.42

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15
Q

Desflurane: Vapor Pressure

A

669

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16
Q

Desflurane: Contraindications

A

Hx: Malignant Hyperthermia

17
Q

Desflurane: Considerations

A

Impairs hypoxic drive the least-> Good choice for COPD/OSA
Least soluble -> Stays in alveoli longer, able to blow off faster
Produces Carbon Monoxide in the presence of Soda Lime
Rapid increases cause Tachycardia

18
Q

Isoflurane: Class

A

Inhaled anesthetic: Halogen
Ether

19
Q

Isoflurane: Use

A

Induction and maintenance of general anesthesia

20
Q

Isoflurane: Mechanism of Action

A

Brain:
- Stimulates GABA-a receptor
- Increases Cl influx and hyperpolarizes neurons by increasing the amount of time the channel stays open
- Impairs neurons ability to fire
Spinal Cord:
- Stimulates glycine receptor
- Inhibits NMDA receptor
- Inhibits Na channel

21
Q

Isoflurane: Dose

A

MAC: 1.2

22
Q

Isoflurane: B:G Solubility

A

1.46

23
Q

Isoflurane: Vapor Pressure

A

238

23
Q

Isoflurane: Contraindictions

A

Hx: Malignant Hyperthermia
Patients with severe CAD

24
Q

Isoflurane: Considerations

A

Risk for coronary steal
Carbon Monoxide is byproduct in dessicated soda lime
Most severe drop in BP

25
Q

Nitrous Oxide: Class

A

Anesthetic Gas

26
Q

Nitrous Oxide: Use

A

As an adjunct to other inhaled medications or anesthesia medications

27
Q

Nitrous Oxide: Mechanism of Action

A

Antagonizes NMDA receptor
Stimulates potassium 2P channel

28
Q

Nitrous Oxide: Dose

A

MAC: 104

29
Q

Nitrous Oxide: B:G Solubility

A

0.46

30
Q

Nitrous Oxide: Vapor Pressure

A

38,770

31
Q

Nitrous Oxide: Contraindications

A

Procedures in the middle ear
Occular Gas bubble placement
Fire Risk
Pre-existing vitamin b12 deficiency
pregnancy

32
Q

Nitrous Oxide: Considerations

A

Concentrating Effect (34 x’s more soluble than nitrogen in the blood) fastest FA/FI
Second Gas effect
Is NOT metabolized in the body
Can be absorbed into anesthesia equipment

Oral Boards Study Guide (15 decks)

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