Inheritance

Question 1

What is DNA made of?

Answer 1

Nucleotides containing phosphate. backbone alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Question 2

Role of DNA?

Answer 2

Stores and transmits genetic information. Functions in the same way as all living things.

Question 3

4 different bases of DNA?

Answer 3

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

Question 4

What does each base of DNA bind to?

Answer 4

A-T, G-C

Question 5

Definition of Gene?

Answer 5

Segments of DNA. Are passed on from parent to offspring. Code for the specific protein.

Question 6

Mitosis definition

Answer 6

Growth, repair or reproduction in unicellular organisms.

Question 7

Meiosis definition

Answer 7

Production of gametes containing half the amount of DNA.

Question 8

How many chromosomes does a human have?

Answer 8

23 PAIRS

Question 9

Chromosomes definition

Answer 9

A structure found inside the nucleus of a cell. Contains DNA of the organism.

Question 10

Diploid definition

Answer 10

Contains 2 complete sets of chromosomes (D, Double)

Question 11

Haploid definition

Answer 11

Contains 1 complete set of chromosomes (H, half)

Question 12

Fertilisation definition

Answer 12

Process of combining the male gamete or sperm with a female gamete or ovum. to produce a zygote (fertilised egg)

Question 13

Gamete definiton

Answer 13

Organism’s reproductive cells (sex cells)
Female: Ovum
Male: Sperm

Question 14

Alleles definition

Answer 14

Variant form of a gene/ Different version of a gene.

Question 15

How many autosomal chromosomes in a human body?

Answer 15

44 autosomal chromosomes 
Total chromosomes (23 x 2 = 46) - Sex chromosomes (2) = 44 autosomal chromosomes

Question 16

Are sex cells haploid or diploid?

Answer 16

Haploid

Question 17

What chromosomes does each sex (Male and Female) have?

Answer 17

Female: XX Male: XY

Question 18

Phenotype definition

Answer 18

The physical characteristics the organism displays (red/blue/black) (Ph-Phenotype-Physical)

Question 19

Genotype definition

Answer 19

Combination of alleles that the organism has for the gene (BB, Bb, bb)

Question 20

dominant definition

Answer 20

What’s expressed in the phenotype.

Question 21

why do sex cells have half the number of chromosomes of body cells.

Answer 21

sex cells are haploid - this is because during fertilisation when the egg and sperm combine, its number of chromosomes combine as well. the human body needs 23 pairs (46) chromosomes and the sex cells having half will make sure of this.