Inheritance, Variation And Evoloution

Question 1

Name the advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Only one parent needed, energy efficient (don’t need to find mate), faster, offspring make best use of good conditions

Question 2

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Variation in offsprings, offsprings suited to environmental changes (survive), selectively breed animals and plants

Question 3

What is a gamete?

Answer 3

A cell with 23 single chromosomes not pairs

Question 4

Name the two human gametes

Answer 4

Sperm cell and egg cell

Question 5

Is meiosis sexual or asexual?

Answer 5

Sexual reproduction

Question 6

How many chromosomes in a fertilised mammal egg

Answer 6

46 - 23 from male and from female

Question 7

What is a diploid cell?

Answer 7

A cell with two pairs of chromosomes in meiosis

Question 8

How many times does the cell devide in meiosis

Answer 8

Twice to make haploid cells (gametes)

Question 9

How do plants asexually reporducde

Answer 9

Bulbs and runners (stems that go into ground and plant another plant)

Question 10

Example of organisms that reproduce asexually

Answer 10

Strawberry plant and daffodils
Fungi
Malaria protists

Question 11

How is sexual reproduction better

Answer 11

Humans can selectively breed animals and plants

Environmental changes, variation means more likely to survive

Question 12

What’s the human genome

Answer 12

The entire genetic material

Question 13

What order is the genetic material

Answer 13

Cell -> nucleus-> chromosome -> section of chromosome (gene) -> section of DNA

Question 14

Each gene codes for a particular sequence of ______

Answer 14

Amino acids

Question 15

What is a nucleotide

Answer 15

A unit of dna

Question 16

What makes up a nucleotide

Answer 16

A sugar
A phosphate
A base ( A, G, C or T)

Question 17

What base goes with G

Answer 17

C

Question 18

What base goes with T

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Describe process of protein synthesis

Answer 19

1. mRNA copy’s strand of dna I’m nucleus
2. Transported to ribosome
3. Three bases code for one amino acid which is transported to amino acid chain by carrier molecule

Question 20

How many bases codes for 1 amino acid

Answer 20

3 bases

Question 21

How do mutations of DNA affect ya

Answer 21

• enzyme not the right shape for substrate you fit it’s active site
• rarely will be beneficial and give u a resistance to antibiotic in bacteria (survival advantage)

Question 22

What’s an allele

Answer 22

Different forms of the same genes that determine someone’s characteristics

Question 23

What’s a dominant allele

Answer 23

Always expressed regardless of the other allele only needs one copy to be expressed eg ( BB or Bb)
- shown by a capital letter

Question 24

What’s an recessive allele

Answer 24

Only expressed if other allele is also recessive represented by lowercase letter has to have two copies to be expressed eg (bb

Question 25

What’s a genotype

Answer 25

A combination of alleles an organism has

Question 26

What does heterozygous mean

Answer 26

When two alleles are dffienrrt

Question 27

What is homozygous

Answer 27

Two of the same alleles

Question 28

What is a phenotype

Answer 28

An observed characteristic of an individual determined by the interaction between genotype and environment

Question 29

Name an inherited disorder caused by a recessive allele

Answer 29

Cystic fibrosis

Question 30

A disorder caused by a dominant allele

Answer 30

Polydactyly

Question 31

What is embryonic screening

Answer 31

A form of genome screening to look for genes that are susceptible to genetic disorders

Question 32

What are females represented as in terms of alleles

Answer 32

XX

Question 33

What are males represented as alleles

Answer 33

XY