Organisation Flashcards
(26 cards)
What shape are red blood vessels
Bioconcave disks - large surface area for oxygen to diffuse across
Where are the group of cells that act as a pacemaker in the heart
Right atrium
Where does the aorta transport blood to
The body
Where does the pulmonary artery transport blood to
The lungs
Where does the vena cava transport blood from
Blood from the body
Which side of the heart transports blood to the body
Left
How is blood moved through heart
Through atrium which then contracts forcing the blood into the ventricles
Name the types of risk factors
Lifestyle and substances
How does coronary heart disease affect the body
Fatty material build up around the coronary arteries and narrow them
How to treat coronary heart disease
Stents - keep arteries open
Statins - reduce blood cholesterol levels and slow down rate at which fatty materials build up
What’s the impact of faulty heart valves
Develop a leak and don’t open fully can be replaced by artificial heart or donor heart
Name the two types of cancerous tumors
Benign and malignant
What’s a malignant tumour
Can spread in the blood to rest of body and produce secondary rumours
Name the different tissues in a leaf
Palisade and spongy mesophyll, mesophyll, lower and upper epidermis, waxy cuticle and stoma
What part of a leaf allows gases to diffuse in and out of leaf
Stoma
What controls the opening of the stoma in a leaf
Guard cells
What are in the palisade mesophyll
Chloroplasts close to surface of leaf
How is mesophyll adapted
Lots of air spaces to allow gases to diffuse
What is transpiration
The loss of water from the leaves
What factors affect transpiration
- increase in temp = increase the rate
- faster air flow will increase the rate
- increased light intensity will increase the rate
- increase in humidity will decrease the rate (concentration gradient for diffusion is lower)
What are antitoxins
Chemicals produced by the white blood cells that neutrailise poisonous effects of the toxins
Name the cycle of white blood cells destroying pathogens
Produce antibodies to clump the microorganisms together
Then phagocytosis occurs
How are xylem cells specialised for their function
Join end to end with walls broken down and have hollow tubes STRENGTHENED WITH LIGNIN
How are phloem cells specialised for their function
Join end to end and have holes that let sugar molecules through
