Injuries of the Knee and Lower Leg Flashcards
(85 cards)
what is supination of the foot
combo of plantaeflexion, inversion, and adduction that causes foot to face medially
what is pronation of the foot?
combination of dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction which causes sole to face laterlly
what are the muscles of the anterior leg compartment?
tibialis anterior, extensor hallicus longus, extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius (peroneus tertius)
what does the anterior compartment of the lower leg do?
extensor (dorsiflection) group
what are the muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg?
peroneus longus (inserts on big toe) and peronus brevis (inserts on pinky)
what muscles make up the deep posterior compartment of the leg?
Tom Dick and Harry
Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus
what does the deep posterior compartment of the leg do?
work together to dynamically help stabilize medial ankle
plantarflexion
what muscles are in the superifical posterior compartment of th eleg
gastrocemius, soleus, achilies tendon (gastrocnmius and soleus insert here)
what are the intracapsular structures of the knee
ACL, PCL, medial and lateral meniscus, cartilage, joint surface
what is the wipe test used for
to identify intracapsular (inside capsul of knee) swelling
what does the wipe test look like?
sweep swelling on inside of knee upwards
push swelling down lateral side
look for a “bubble” on the medial part of knee
which quad muscles pull laterally on patella?
rectus femoris and vastus lateralisa and vastus intermedius
which quad muscles pull medially on the patella
vastus medialis
what muscles make up the medial hamstrings?
semimembranous and semitendonosus
which muscles make up the lateral hamstring?
biceps femoris
which muscles make up the pes anserine
semi-tendonous, gracilis, and the sartorius
what does the gluteus medius do?
hip abduction
internal and external rotation of the hip
Hip externsion
eccentrically control IR of femur in weight bearing
prevent pelvis from dropping during gait
what is the ideal quads to ham ratio
3:1
what is the technical name for shin splints
medial tibial stress syndrome
what does shin-splints involve?
exercise-induced pain over the anterior tibia and is an early stress injury
what is compartment syndrome?
excessive pressure within a muscle/fascial compartment
how does one get compartment syndome?
acute: trauma or folowing long bone fracture
overuse
what are compartment syndrome signs and symptoms
red, hot, shiny, painful, weak, numb, faint pulse distal to site
how is compartment syndrome managed
no pressure, lympth drainage to reduce inflammation, no return to play, non weight bearing, occasional need for fasciotomy to release pressure
