Non Urgent Conditions

Question 1

what is HOPS?

Answer 1

History - what happened
Observations - what did you see/hear
Palpation - what do you feel? Where is the pain
Special Tests

Question 2

For history taking you use SAMPLE - what is that?

Answer 2

Signs and symptoms
Allergies (might not need to ask)
Medications (might not need to ask)
Past medical history (might not need to ask )
Last oral intake
Events leading up to injury

Question 3

For pain you can use PQRST - whats that?

Answer 3

Provoke - what makes it worse
Quality - is it sharp? achy?
Region - where is it, does it shoot anywhere
Severity - out of ten
Time - when did the pain start? Is it all the time?

Question 4

In which step of HOPS does sample happen?

Answer 4

h - history!

Question 5

what are some things to check when palpating?

Answer 5

distal circulation, any pain, if it is warm, any deformities

Question 6

what does the special tests do you do for muscles and tendons

Answer 6

resisted testing (having tissue contract)

Question 7

what tests do you do for ligaments?

Answer 7

Tests to open the joint it stabilizes

Question 8

what tests do you do for bones?

Answer 8

Fracture testing

Question 9

what is kendalls resisted muscle testing?

Answer 9

Rating quality of strength and ROM out of 5 and if it elicits pain

Question 10

what is a grade 1 sprain?/strain

Answer 10

tissues have been stretched/some fibers have been disrupted
SPRAIN: integrity of joint is maintained
STRAIN: contractions are strong but painful

Question 11

what is the dif btw sprain and strain?

Answer 11

sPrain = injury to ligament or joint capsule
sTrain = injury to muscle or tendons
think Dr T is super strong and buff - but he injured his muscles:(

Question 12

what is a grade 2 Sp/St rain

Answer 12

partial tear/many fiber disruped
SP: instability and laxity in the joint
ST: contractions and weak and painful

Question 13

what is a grade 3 sp/st rain

Answer 13

complet tear
SP: sig instability/laxity
ST: unable to contract and often pain free (bc nerve fibers torn too)

Question 14

what is the tap testing test?

Answer 14

this is a fracture test
gently tap at bone away from suspected fracture site - this may cause pain at the fracture sit
pain is a + test
don’t test if you can see obvious deformity

Question 15

what is the compression test?

Answer 15

this is a fracture test
here you compress the two ends of the bone together (usually at either end of long bone or compress bones around small bone with suspected fracture) can also squeeze above fracture to see if it brings pain

Question 16

what is the tuning fork test

Answer 16

test for fractures
bang end of tuning fork off hard surface and put base of fork on bone with suspected fracture, away from fracture site. Resulting vibration may cause pain at fracture site
has value ruling out a fracture, but not for ruling in a fracture

Question 17

what are the 4 steps of a sideline assessment

Answer 17

rule out joint above nd below
full physiocal ROM for joint
3 special tests to rule-out/confirm
more extensive palpation

Question 18

what are arthrokinematics?

Answer 18

interartcular movements *movements that happen within the joint required for the ROM to take place

Question 19

what are the 3 arthrokinematics movements?

Answer 19

roll, spin, glide

Question 20

what is roll/rock

Answer 20

arthrokinematic movement where multiple points along one rotating surface contact multiple points on another articular surface (think a tire rotating across a stretch of pavement)

Question 21

what is glide/slide

Answer 21

a single point on one articular surface contacts multiple points on another articular surface (think something sliding across the floor)

Question 22

what is spin

Answer 22

a single pint on one articular surface rotates on a single point on another articular surface (think a dancer spining)

Question 23

what is the sideline management for a sprain?

Answer 23

Ice and elevation
wrap to support, compression
crutches if weight bearing

Question 24

What is sideline management for a sprain?

Answer 24

ice and elevation
wrap for compression
pressure pads over tissue, give compression
crutches for weight bearing extremeties

Question 25

how do you treat a contusion

Answer 25

ice
dont pad to cover and protect from 2nd insult
wrap padding on to. area with herringbone technique
no message (unless lympth drainage)
can RTP if joints above and below are okay and they can contract muscle

Question 26

what is sideline managment for non-urgent fractures

Answer 26

splint joints above and below fracture, can ice for fractures to help with inflammation and pain, refer for imaging

Question 27

What is sideline management for abrasions

Answer 27

telfa/non-stick pad and cover roll

Question 28

minor lacerations sideline management?

Answer 28

telfa/non-stick pad and cover roll
steri strips

Question 29

what is the purpose of wrapping?

Answer 29

the provide support and minimize swelling through compression

Question 30

when do you wrap?

Answer 30

contusions, ankle injury, to reduce swelling