Injury treatments Flashcards
(38 cards)
Rugby World cup 6 R’s
- Recognise
- Remove
- Refer
- Rest
- Recover
- Return
Recognise, remove, refer
Recognise - parents, players, coaches and officials should all be aware of the signs and symptoms of concussion
Remove - If a player has a concussion or a suspected concussion, they must be removed from the field of play immediately
Refer - If removed from the field, the player should be referred immediately to a qualified healthcare professional who is trained in evaluating and treating concussion
Rest, recover, return
Rest - Players must rest from exercise until symptom free and not be
left alone for the first 24 hours
Recover - Players must fully recover and be symptom free before considering a return to play. Adults must take a minimum of one week and under-18’s two weeks before seeking an authorised return from a healthcare professional. Rest and specific treatment through recovery are essential for the health of the injured participant
Return - To complete a safe return to the field the player must be
symptom free, have written authorisation and complete the ‘graduated return to play’ protocol
What is SALTAPS
When you see an injury that is not a concussion how you respond
See
Ask
Look
Touch
Active
Passive
Strength
See, ask, look
See: Acknowledge the injury has occurred and ensure no further damage can take place by stopping game
Ask: Question about nature and location of injury
Look: look for signs of injury based on info given, bruising and swelling should be considered
Touch, Active, passive, strength
Touch: touch injury to assess pain level
Active: can the player move area unaided
Passive: If active successful try move area through full ROM
Strength: Assess strength with resistance from assessor or bearing weight
PRICE
Protect: protect area from further damage by removing player from site and isolating the injury
Rest: area for at least 2-3 days allowing initial healing process to take place
Ice: the injury every 15 mins for 2 hours to reduce swelling
Compress: area with bandage to limit spread of swelling
Elevate injury above heart to further limit swelling of area
Describe the use of surgery to treat acute hard tissue injuries
1.(Open surgery) Incision made to open a joint to access injury
2.(Realign bones) Realign fractured/dislocated bones
3.(Stabilise) Use of plates /pins /rods /wires to stabilise fractures /dislocation
4.(Arthroscopy) Arthroscopy/keyhole surgery to access injury/small incisions/camera to access injury/be less invasive
5.(Knee/Meniscus) Repair/trim/resurface meniscus/cartilage in
(knee) joint
6.(Shoulder/Labrum) Used to repair Bankart lesion/damaged labrum/cartilage in shoulder/treat repeated shoulder dislocations
How can FMRI scans be used for stress fractures
Uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of internal structure.
Can visualise stress fractures within the first week of injury
Can visualise lower grade stress fractures
Better able to distinguish between stress fractures and soft tissue injuries
Treatment of compound fractures
Immediate medical attention required and sometimes ambulance may be required. Wounds will be required to be washed. Immobilise the joint if possible and anti-inflammatory and pain medication may be required. Surgery will be required including the use of pins, rods, plates and screws followed by a cast to immobilise the limb
Treatment of simple fractures
Medical attention is required and in severe cases an ambulance will be required. PRICE to reduce swelling if it doesn’t cause pain. Immobilisation using a splint, sling, crutches or plaster cast to
assist the healing process. Anti-inflammatory and pain medication.
More severe injuries may require surgery to re-align the bones with the assistance of pins, wires or nails to fix the bones in their original position
Treatment of stress fractures
Medical attention required for diagnosis and advice. Rest for around two weeks and no activity for a further eight weeks to prevent larger more complex injury. Immobilisation may be used to limit activity. A gentle return to exercise accompanied by posture and alignment re-training. PRICE to reduce swelling. Strengthening exercises for surrounding connective tissue
Treatment of dislocation
PRICE to reduce swelling and pain. Anti- inflammatory and pain medication. If this injury occurs again, this may require surgery to realign and pin bones into their original position. Physiotherapy will strengthen the connective tissues around the joint and improve flexibility and mobility. Immediate medical attention is required and in severe cases an ambulance. Immobilisation (where possible) using a splint or sling. No attempt to reposition bones unless by a medical professional.
Treatment of sprains
Immobilisation or support using strapping, a brace or crutches to assist the healing process. Severe injuries such as a complete rupture may require reconstructive surgery. Recovery can take from several weeks to several months depending on the severity of the injury.
Medical attention may be required in severe cases.
Exercise induced muscle damage
Eccentric exercises, strength training, downhill running and plyometric exercises can cause microscopic injury to the muscle fibres
Usually occurs at the start of a programme
The greater the intensity and duration, the greater the exercise induced muscle damage
Peaks 24-72 hours post exercise
Commonly referred to as DOMS
Warm-up, progressive overload and a stretching routine will lessen the impact of DOMS
Signs and symptoms of exercise induced muscle damage
Signs and symptoms
pain and tenderness
Swelling
Stiffness
decreased range of motion and strength (peaking 24-72 hrs post exercise)
Treatment of exercise induced muscle damage
Medical attention is not required (in most cases) – symptoms should stop within 5 days
Treatment is often ineffective however, the pain associated can be reduced by:
Cold therapy – ice packs/ice bath
Massage and stretching techniques – consider how foam rollers have recently impacted/ increased use by athletes/ individuals
Anti-inflammatory and pain medication.
Medical attention should be sought if there is heavy swelling or dark urine as this may indicate the level of muscle damage has affected the kidneys
Process of rehabilitation
The process of regaining full function of the injured area.
This is essential for full recovery and to prevent further injuries
Early Stage – gentle exercise – encourage healing
Mid Stage – progressive overloading of the affected area to develop
strength
Late Stage – functional exercises and drills to enable player to return to full time training
Massage
A physical therapy used for injury prevention by increasing flexibility
and treatment of soft tissue injuries
Deep muscle therapy used to realign damaged muscle fibres and
removing toxins from the affected areas
Positive effects of sports massages
Move fluid and nutrients through damaged tissues to encourage healing and accelerate the removal of waste products (this can aid recovery in between training sessions)
Stretch tissues – releasing tension and pressure and improving elasticity
Break down scar tissue from previous injuries that can lead to inflexible tissues, injury and pain
Reduce pain, generate heat, circulation and relaxation
Negative effects of sports massage
It cannot be used on certain soft tissue injuries such as ligament of tendon rupture (complete tear)
It cannot be used on contusions or open wounds as bleeding will be increased and the injury may be complicated
It can be expensive
It is a long term solution (it takes time)
Cold therapy (cryotherapy)
Use of ice or ice baths to reduce tissue temperature and metabolic activity and reduce blood flow from vasoconstriction of blood vessels – used on acute injuries early in recovery process
The vasoconstriction of blood vessels decreases blood flow and reduces inflammation, swelling and pain
Risks associated with cold therapy
- Ice burns/ tissue damage
- Nerve damage (if in contact too long)
- Uncomfortable
- Not suitable for people with Rynaulds
Types of cold theraoy
PRICE, applied as early as possible and continued for 24-48 hours is the best treatment for acute, soft tissue injuries.
Cold water immersion (ice baths) for ten minutes at around 10degrees has been shown to reduce the pain and drop in performance associated with exercise-induced muscle damage, post-exercise
Cryokinetics involves ice application followed by rehabilitation exercises proven successful in treating ligament sprains
Cryostretching combines cold application and stretching to reduce muscle tension and increase flexibility, useful to decrease the pain associated with exercise-induced muscle damage
Cryostretching
Apply cold pack is used to reduce muscle spasms and so increase flexibility.
It involves three phases, cold application, static stretching, and then contract-relax technique.
First, the body part is cooled for up to 20 minutes at which time it should become numb.
Following these, two sets of 65-second stretches are applied with a 20-second rest between sets. Each period of 65 seconds consists mainly of static stretching, with three 5 second isometric contractions interspersed throughout the stretch.
Ice reduces muscle spasms allowing the muscle to relax more and so increasing the stretch. Static stretches overcome the stretch reflex to reduce muscle spasms.
