Innate and aquired immunity

Question 1

What are the innate defenses? (7)

Answer 1

Physical barriers- keep hazardous organism and materials outside of the body

Phagocytes- engulf pathogens and cell debris

Immune surveillance- destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells in peripheral tissues

Interferons- chemical messengers that coordinate the defenses against viral infections

Complement- A system of circulating proteins that assists antibodies in the destruction of pathogens

Inflammation- localized, tissue-level response that tends to limit spread of injury or infection

Fever- elevation of bod temp that accelerates tissue metabolism and body defenses.

Question 2

Adaptive (acquired) immune responses are carried out by

Answer 2

lymphocytes

Question 3

What are the 2 broad classes of antibodies

Answer 3

antibody responses
and cell-mediated immune responses, and they are carried out by
different classes of lymphocytes, the B cells and T cells, respectively

Question 4

Where are lymphocytes made

Answer 4

Bone marrow,
Thymus,
Peripheral lymphoid tissues

Question 5

Lymphocyte Distribution
 Tissues maintain different T cell and B cell populations
 Lymphocytes wander through tissues: How do they wander?

Answer 5

 Enter blood vessels or lymphatics for transport
 Can survive many years

Question 6

Lymphoid stem cells Groups 1 and 2

Where do they develop and what do they produce?

Answer 6

Group 1-
- Remains in bone marrow and develop with help of stromal cells
- Produces B cells and natural killer cells

Group 2-
- Migrates to thymus
- Produces T cells in environment isolated by blood–thymus barrier

Question 7

 Main Types of T Cells

Answer 7

• Cytotoxic T (TC
  ) cells
• Memory T cells
• Helper T (TH) cells
• Suppressor T (TS
  ) cells

Question 8

Cytotoxic T Cells role

Answer 8

• Attack cells infected by viruses

-Produce cell-mediated immunity

Question 9

Memory T Cells

Answer 9

• Formed in response to foreign substance
• Remain in body to give “immunity”

Question 10

 Helper T Cells

Answer 10

Stimulate function of T cells and B cells

Question 11

Suppressor T Cells

Answer 11

Inhibit function of T cells and B cells

Question 12

 Regulatory T Cells

Answer 12

• Are helper and suppressor T cells
• Control sensitivity of immune response
• Thought to be important in preventing autoimmune reactions

Question 13

B Cells make up 10–15 percent of circulating lymphocytes. They differentiate (change) into

Answer 13

plasma cells

Question 14

Function of plasma cells

Answer 14

• Produce and secrete antibodies (immunoglobulin proteins)

Question 15

NK cells function: Also called large granular lymphocytes
 Make up 5–10 percent of circulating lymphocytes

Answer 15

Attack foreign cells, virus-infected cells, and cancer cells