Innate Defenses Flashcards
(18 cards)
immunity
ability to fight infection
susceptibility
lack of resistance to disease
innate defenses
nonspecific
physical barriers
skin, mucous membranes, earwax, urine, vaginal secretions
mechanical defenses
mucus production, shedding skin, peristalsis, vomiting, urination
role of the microbiota
composition forms enterotypes; competes with pathogens for cellular binding sites and nutrients; dysbiosis can lead to imbalance
chemical defenses
low pH of secretions, sebum, earwax, lysozymes in sweat/tears/saliva
anatomical features of the lymphatic system
nodes, vessels, lymphoid tissue, red bone marrow, lymphocytes/phagocytes
antimicrobial peptides
type of broad-spectrum mediators, produced routinely or in response to pathogen
complement system
group of proteins in a serum that are activated in a cascade
outcomes of complement activation
cytolysis, opsonization, inflammation
classes of cytokines
interleukins, chemokines, interferons
signs of inflammation
fever, pain, redness, swelling
mediators of inflammation
histamine, bradykinin, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes
outcomes of fever
enhances phagocytosis, increases rate of chemical reactions, promotes rest, inactivates enzymes
components of blood
leukocytes, erythrocytes, platelets; created by hematopoiesis
natural killer cells
use nonspecific mechanisms to recognize and destroy cells that are abnormal
process in which leukocytes migrate from periphery to infected tissues
diapedesis
