Microbial Pathogenesis and Disease & Epidemiology

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

condition in which the normal function of the body is damaged or impaired

Question 2

infection

Answer 2

successful colonization of a host by a microorganism

Question 3

are symptoms subjective or objective?

Answer 3

subjective

Question 4

pathogenicity

Answer 4

potential ability to cause disease

Question 5

virulence

Answer 5

disease producing power of an organism; degree of pathogenicity

Question 6

infectious dose

Answer 6

cause active infection in 50% of inoculated

Question 7

lethal dose

Answer 7

number required to kill 50% of infected

Question 8

possible portals of entry

Answer 8

skin, inhalation, ingestion

Question 9

communicable

Answer 9

easily spread from person to person

Question 10

noncommunicable

Answer 10

not spread from person to person (genetic, environmental, lifestyle)

Question 11

iatrogenic

Answer 11

result of a medical procedure

Question 12

nosocomial

Answer 12

acquired in a hospital setting

Question 13

stages of acute infection

Answer 13

incubation, prodromal, illness, decline, convalescence

Question 14

primary pathogens

Answer 14

causes disease regardless of host’s immune system

Question 15

opportunistic pathogens

Answer 15

only causes disease in situations where host is compromised

Question 16

stages of pathogenesis

Answer 16

exposure, adhesion, invasion, infection

Question 17

types of infection

Answer 17

local, focal, systemic

Question 18

exotoxins vs endotoxins

Answer 18

exo- protein, gram +, highly toxic, small lethal dose
endo- lipid, gram -, low toxicity

Question 19

global level of public health

Answer 19

WHO

Question 20

national level of public health

Answer 20

CDC

Question 21

morbidity

Answer 21

number of cases of a notifiable disease

Question 22

mortality

Answer 22

number of deaths from a notifiable disease

Question 23

prevalence

Answer 23

existing (new and old) cases

Question 24

incidence

Answer 24

new cases

Question 25

endemic

Answer 25

constantly present in a certain area

Question 26

epidemic

Answer 26

many in a given area and causing damage in a short time

Question 27

pandemic

Answer 27

affects large geographical area

Question 28

observational vs experimental epidemiological studies

Answer 28

gathered through measurements/surveys vs using a lab with subjects and/or clinical studies

Question 29

etiology

Answer 29

connects a disease to specific pathogen; Koch's postulate

Question 30

common disease reservoirs

Answer 30

human, animal, nonliving (water and soil)

Question 31

ways of disease transmission

Answer 31

direct, indirect (nonliving), droplet, vehicle (water, food, air), vectors

Question 32

compromised host

Answer 32

individual whose resistance to infection is impaired

Question 33

factors that contribute to emerging/re-emerging diseases

Answer 33

population growth, migration, poverty, wars, ecological changes, evolution of pathogens, human behavior