Innate Immunity (Ch. 2)

Question 1

What are the two main types of reacting mediated by innate immunity

Answer 1

Inflammation and antiviral response

Question 2

What two things does the IIS recognize for antiviral response

Answer 2

PAMP’s and DAMP’s

Question 3

TLR - 1: TLR - 2 recognize what and are located where

Answer 3

Bacterial lipopeptides

Plasma membrane

Question 4

TLR - 2 recognize what and are located where

Answer 4

Bacterial peptidoglycan

Plasma membrane

Question 5

TLR - 4 recognize what and are located where

Answer 5

LPS

Plasma membrane

Question 6

TLR - 5 recognize what and are located where

Answer 6

Bacterial flagellin

Plasma membrane

Question 7

TLR - 2 : TLR - 6 recognize what and are located where

Answer 7

Bacterial lipopeptides

Plasma membrane

Question 8

TLR - 3 recognize what and are located where

Answer 8

Ds RNA

Endosome

Question 9

TLR - 7 recognize what and are located where

Answer 9

SsRNA

Endosome

Question 10

TLR - 8 recognize what and are located where

Answer 10

SsRNA

Endosome

Question 11

TLR - 9 recognize what and are located where

Answer 11

CpG DNA

Endosome

Question 12

What do NOD like receptors sense

Answer 12

PAMP’s and DAMP’s in cytosol

Question 13

Define NOD - 1 and NOD - 2

What is in their N-terminal, what do they detect, and what do they activate

Answer 13

Cytoplasmic proteins containing N-terminal caspas related domains specific for peptidoglycans (bacterial cell walls)

Activate the NF-KB pathway

Question 14

Define NLRP - 3

What does it respond to, what does it activate, and what is the effect

Answer 14

Cytosolic NLR

Responds to everything (ATP, Uric Acid crystals, hyperkalemia)

Activates IL-1B that causes inflammation and fever

Question 15

What do rig like receptors (RLRs) sense and activate

Answer 15

Viral RNA and activate IFN

Question 16

What do cytosolic DNA sensors (CDS) sense and activate

Answer 16

Viral RNA - IFN

Question 17

What do Lectin receptors recognize and do

Answer 17

Recognize carbohydrates and help phagocytize fungi and bacteria

Question 18

What prevents microbes from coming into contact with the epithelium

Answer 18

Keratin and mucous

Question 19

What are the first cells to respond in an infection or injury

Answer 19

Neutrophils

Question 20

What are the three functions of macrophages

Answer 20

1. Release cytokines which aid in inflammation by TLR and NLR
2. Destroy microbes (mannose receptors)
3. Tissue repair

Question 21

What cells release histamine

Answer 21

Mast cells

Question 22

What is the purpose of histamine

Answer 22

To cause blood vessels to become more permeable and allow for leukocytes and some lymphocytes to enter tissue and fight infection

Question 23

What activates NK cells to kill infected host cells

Answer 23

NKG2D and CD16

Question 24

CD 16 is specific for what on microbes

Answer 24

IgG

Question 25

IgA is pushed out to where to kill antigens

Answer 25

The lumen of the intestine

Question 26

What stops NK cells

Answer 26

ITIMS

Question 27

How do ITIMS work

Answer 27

They become phosphorylated and promote activation of tyrosine phosphatase which dephosphoryltaes tyrosione from cells and stops the ITAMS and NK Cells

Question 28

# Define the alternative pathway for the compliment system What type of immunity

Answer 28

Triggered when some compliment pathway proteins are activated on microbial surfaces and not controlled This is part of innate immunity

Question 29

Define the classical pathway for the compliment proteins

Answer 29

Triggered by antibodies that bind to microbes or other antigens Part of adaptive immunity

Question 30

Define the lectin pathway for compliment proteins

Answer 30

Act when a carbohydrate plasma protein manose binding lectin binds to terminal mannose residues on the surface of glycoproteins of microbes Activates the classical pathway but is part of innate immunity

Question 31

What is oposonization and phagocytosis

Answer 31

C3b binds to microbes and promotes the binding of these microbes to phagocytes

Question 32

What is involved in the inflammation step of compliment pathway

Answer 32

C5a and C3a attract neutrophils and monocytes to promote inflammation

Question 33

What happens during the cell lysis stage of compliment pathway

Answer 33

MAC is activated and allows for cell lysis and apoptosis in the microbe

Question 34

What is the principle cell source of TNF and what does it do

Answer 34

Macrophages, T-cells, mast cells Activates inflamation, fever and apoptosis

Question 35

What is the principle source of IL-1 and what does it do

Answer 35

Macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, mast cells Inflammation, fever

Question 36

What do chemokines do

Answer 36

Targets leukocytes Increases integrin affinity

Question 37

Where does IL-12 come from and what does it do

Answer 37

Dendritic cells and macrophages Produces IFN-y in NK cells and T-cells

Question 38

Where does IFN-y come from and what does it do

Answer 38

NK cells and T cells Activates macrophages

Question 39

What do IFNs do

Answer 39

Activates antiviral states and increases class I MHC expression

Question 40

How do T cells recognize peptides on APC’s

Answer 40

Recognize major histocompatable complexes (MHC’s)

Question 41

What does IL-10 do and where is it found

Answer 41

Macrophages, dendritic cells, t cells Inhibits cytokines and chemokine production

Question 42

What does IL-6 do and where is it found

Answer 42

Macrophages, t cells Proliferation of antibodies in B cells

Question 43

What does IL - 15 do and where is it found

Answer 43

Macrophages Proliferation in NK and T cells

Question 44

What does IL-18 do and where is ti found

Answer 44

Macrophages IFN synthesis in NK cells and T cells

Question 45

What does TGF do

Answer 45

Inhibits inflamation