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V - KCU - HDM {T1} - OMS1 > Introduction To The Immune System (Ch. 1) > Flashcards

Introduction To The Immune System (Ch. 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Define extracellular microbes

A

Able to survive in animals by growing extracellular and being simply immersed in nutrients

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2
Q

Define intracellular microbes

A

Invade and live and replicate intracellularly within animal cells where they utilize host-cell energy sources

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3
Q

What are the primary fixed elements of the immune system

A

Bone marrow and thymus

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4
Q

What are the secondary fixed elements

A

Spleen and lymph nodes

Mucosal immune tissues

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5
Q

What are the mobile elements of the immune system

A

Immune cells and soluble humoral components

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6
Q

Define active immunity

A

A subset of adaptive immunity

Is conferred by a host response to a microbe or microbial Ags

Only one that generates immunologic memory

Ex. Vaccine

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7
Q

Define passive immunity

A

A subset of adaptive immunity

Is conferred by adoptive transfer of antibodies or T-lymphocytes specific for the microbe

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8
Q

Define innate immunity

A

1st line of defense against infection

Works rapidly
Gives rise to an acute inflammation
No memory

Specific for Ags shared by groups of related microbes and molecules produced by damage host cells

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9
Q

Define adaptive immunity

A

Take longer to develop

Highly specific

Shows memory with that remembers Ag

Very specific for microbial and nonmicrobial antigens

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10
Q

What is the first phase of immune response

A

Non-induced innate response

Comprised of skin barrier, pH, saliva

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11
Q

What is the second phase of immune response

A

Induced innate response

Phagocytosis, inflammatory mechanisms

Cytokine secretion

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12
Q

What is the last phase of the immune response

A

Induced adaptive response

B cells, T cells, and Helper T cells

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13
Q

What are the two types of phagocytes

A

Neutrophils and macrophages

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14
Q

What is the most abundant circulating WBC’s

A

Neutrophils

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15
Q

Where are neutrophils produced

A

BM

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16
Q

What doe mast cells, basophils, and eosinophils have in common

A
  1. Play roles in innate and adaptive immunity

2. Have granules filled with inflammatory and antimicrobial mediators

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17
Q

Mature monocytes enter what and then migrate to where

A

Enter blood and then migrate to tissues and mature into macrophages

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18
Q

Define tissue-resident macrophages

A

Hetrogeneous population of immune cells that fulfill tissue-specific and niche-specific functions

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19
Q

Define Dendritic Cells. What is their function? What do they induce?

A

Cells of innate immunity

Are antigen presenting cells, capture microbe and stimulate T cells to induce adaptive immunity

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20
Q

When T cells are Ag stimulated, they give rise to what

A

Cellular immunity

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21
Q

B cells give rise to what? Also define this

A

Humoral immunity - provides soluble molecules (immunglobins)

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22
Q

T cells work in conjunction with what cells

A

Ag-Presenting cells (DC’s)

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23
Q

What is the purpose of cellular immunity

A

To kill infected Host cells

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24
Q

Define humoral adaptive immunity. What is this the principle defense mechanism against

A

Mediated by antibodies in the blood which are produced by B cells

Extracellular microbes

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25
Three main properties of adaptive immunity
Allows immune system to respond to large number of Ags Increases the ability to combat repeat infections Increases number of Ag-Specific lymphocytes to keep pace with microbes
26
Each B cell and T cell has a receptor for what?
A specific Ag that are generated by gene rearrangement from multiple germlines
27
What happens when Ag is induced into an individual?
Lymphocytes with receptors for this Ag seek out and bind Ag and are triggered to proliferate and differentiate, giving rise to clones of cells specific for the Ag
28
What do B cells do in humoral adaptive immunity
B cells secrete Abs that prevent infections and eliminate extracellular microbes
29
What do T Helper cells do in CMI
Recognize Ags on DC’s and secrete cytokines which Activate macrophages to kill microbes or cytoxic lymphocytes to directly kill infected cells
30
What do cytotoxic T lymphocytes do
Recognize Ags on infected cells and kill these cells
31
What do regulatory T cells do
Suppress and prevent immune responses
32
What is the membrane immunoglobin isotype for Naive cells
IgM and IgD
33
What is the membrane immunoglobin isotype for activated or effector lymphocytes
IgG, IgA, and IgE
34
What is the membrane immunoglobin isotype for memory lymphocytes
Same as activated
35
What are the primary antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis
Langerhans cells
36
Define CD8+ T cells and their function
Live exclusively in the epidermis to rapidly respond to viral infections
37
Define CD4+ T cells
Reside in dermis and carry out a variety of effector functions
38
Define lymphnodes and their functions
Encapsulated nodular aggregates of lymphoid tissues located along lymphatic channels in the body Takes up Ags from tissues, processes them and uses Naive T and B cells to sample them so that the body can create the correct immune response
39
Blood born Ags are captured and concentrated by what
Local APC’s (DC’s)
40
What is more rapid, the secondary or the primary response to the Ag?
Secondary
41
Describe what primary IgA antibodies do
Form together as a dimer, which can enter the lumen of the intestine to neutralize danger.
42
Why do IgA antibodies form a dimer
Makes them resistant to proteases
43
What cells bring Ag into Peyer’s patch?
M cells
44
What are Peyer’s patch?
Localizations of lymphocytes within the intestinal lamina
45
Define PALS within the spleen
PALS are periartieriolar lymphoid sheaths that have naive T cells which sample Ags to make immune response
46
What does the innate immune system recognize
Shared structures of classes of microbes
47
B cells secrete antibodies to block and eliminate what types of microbes
Extracellular
48
T-helper cells do what three functions by releasing cytokines
1. Activate macrophages 2. Inflammation 3. Activate B Cells
49
A vaccine is what type of immunity
Active
50
What type of cell initiates the primary immune response
Naive lymphocytes
51
Memory lymphocytes initiate what
The secondary response
52
DC’s capture AG’s and present them for what type of cells
T cells
53
Macrophages do what
Engulf microbes and initiate some inflammation
54
What do follicular dendritic cells do
Display antigens to B-cells in humoral immune response
55
What are the only cells that produce antibodies
B cells
56
T cells only recognize what type of Ag’s
Peptide based ones
57
What are the two generative lymph organs
Bone marrow and thymus
58
What is the effector form of B cells and what do they do
Plasma cells which secrete antibodies
59
What are the two effector forms of T cells and what do they do
CD4 - secrete cytokines which help with B cells, macrophages, and inflamation CD8 - kill infected host cells
60
Where are FDC’s found
In the geminal centers of lymphoid follicles
61
T cells go to where in spleen | B cells go to where
PALS - T cells | Follicular Zones - B Cells
62
M cells do what
Bring Ag into laminar propinar to be destroyed in the Preyer Patch
63
What tells B cells to go to follicles in LN What tells T cells to go to Profollicular Coretx in LN
CXCR 5 for B cells CCR7 for T cells This keeps them separated until they are needed

V - KCU - HDM {T1} - OMS1 (5 decks)

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