Innate Immunity, Lecture 2 Flashcards
(30 cards)
Infection
Invasion of host tissues or cells by disease causing organisms called pathogens
Calor
Heat
Rubor
Redness
Dolor
Pain
Tumor
Swelling
Functio Laesa
Loss of function
Innate (natural) responses
- occur to the same extent every time the infectious agent is encountered
- takes a few hours
- most pathogens stay/are destroyed in the innate pathway
ex: phagocytes, natural killer cells, blood components
Acquired (adaptive) response
Improve on repeated exposure to given infection
- takes days to weeks
ex: generation of specific receptors
Health vs. Disease balance
Health: destruction of cancer cells and infectious organisms vs. Disease: allergy, transplant rejection, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency
Immunodeficiency
acquired, caused by HIV
-targets component of adaptive immunity especially T receptors which are for CDC4 cells??
Vaccines
result in an antibody response
normally for extracellular pathogens
BCG - for Tuberculosis, attenuates the virus and thus makes it not infectious, (only vaccine for intracellular pathogen)
cannot give to immunodeficient patients
Innate Immunity
- first line of defense against infection
- works rapidly
- gives rise to an acute inflammation
- has some specificity for Ag
- has no memory
- 0-12 hours
Acquired Immunity
– longer to develop
- is highly specific -
- shows memory (remembers Ag it has encountered previously)
ex: B cells and effector T cells are highly selective
12 hours to 7+ days
Defense Systems
- Barriers
- Innate immunity (larger than adaptive immunity)
- Humoral -Cellular - Immune system (aka: adaptive immunity)
- Humoral -Cellular
Barriers
Skin Mucous epithelia
Ciliated epithelia
Lysozyme in fluids
Pepsin-HCL system
Innate Immunity; Humoral
- Bactericidal substances
- Proteins and peptides
- The complement system
- Acute phase proteins
- Transport proteins
- Coagulation proteins
- Interferons
Innate Immunity; Cellular
Blood cells:
- Neutrophils
- Eosinophils
- Basophils
- Monocytes
- Lymphocytes
- Natural killer (NK) cells
Tissue:
- Macrophages
- Dendritic cells
Immune System; Humoral
B-cell produced antibodies
Immune System; Cellular
Cytotoxic T cells
Dendritic Cells
- derived from macrophages
- are present in the interphase transferring assessment of early infection of adaptive immunity
Macrophages
Sentinel (resident) cell of innate immunity
Contains both PAMPs and PRRs
Cytokines
mediator that causes vasodilation and increased permeability
Phases of Immunity
Phase 1: Occurs from start of infection to end of infection
Non-Induced Innate/Non-specific response:
Performed Defense: skin barrier, pH, saliva proteases
Phase 2: 4-96 hours until end of infection
Induced Innate/Broadly Specific response
Performed Defense: Phagocytosis, complement activation, other inflammatory mechanisms, cytokine secretion
Phase 3: after 96 hours (4 days)
Induced Adaptive/Highly Specific response
Performed Defense: B cells (Ab), helper T cells, cytolytic T cells
Innate Immune Cells
