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Chemistry A Level > Inorganic Compounds in aqueous solution > Flashcards

Inorganic Compounds in aqueous solution Flashcards

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1
Q

What colour is the copper hexaaqua ion

A

Blue

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2
Q

What colour is the Iron ll hexaaqua ion

A

Green

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3
Q

What colour is the Iron lll hexaaqua ion

A

Violet

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4
Q

What colour is the Aluminium hexaaqua ion

A

Colourless

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5
Q

What colour is the cobalt hexaaqua ion

A

Pink
Colour isn’t required

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6
Q

What is the general structure of Aqueous Metal Ions

A

Coordinate bond between metal and OH2
Metal Ion (electron pair acceptor)
Ligand (electron pair donor)
Covalent bond betwwen H and O in OH2

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7
Q

What pH are metal aqua ions

A

Acidic

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8
Q

Why are metal aqua ions acidic

A

The metal ion weakens OH bond and releases H+ ion
Depends on charge and size of ion
Known as hydrolysis

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9
Q

What is the general formula for hydrolysis of metal aqua ions

A

[M(H2O)6]n+ + H2O -> [M(H2O)5OH]n-1 + H3O+

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10
Q

What molecule causes the acidity in metal aqua ions

A

H3O+

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11
Q

Why are M3+ ions more acidic than M2+ ions

A

Equilibrium lies further to the right for M3+ than for M2+

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12
Q

What does acidity depend on

A

Charge on the Ion
Size of the ion

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13
Q

What are the most acidic types of metal ions

A

Small and highly charged metal ions are the most acidic

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14
Q

What happens to the equilibrium when alkali is added to the hydrolysis reaction

A

Equilibrium shifts right to replace the H3O+ ions lost by the reaction with OH-

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15
Q

What happens to the equilibrium when acid is added to the hydrolysis reaction

A

Equilibrium shifts to the left to undo the increase in H3O+ ion concentration

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16
Q

What are the 3 types of reactions that metal-aqua ions undergo

A

Hydrolysis (break an OH bond)
Substitution (break an M-O bond)
Redox (add or remove e-)

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17
Q

What do hydrolysis reactions form

A

Metal hydroxides

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18
Q

What are the 3 reagents to form metal hydroxides via hydrolysis

A

OH-
Dilute NH3
CO3 2-

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19
Q

What does the reaction of OH- with M2+ and M3+ form

A

[M(H2O)4(OH)2]
[M(H2O)3(OH)3] - some may react further (amphoteric hydroxides)

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20
Q

What does the reaction of dilute NH3 with M2+ and M3+ form

A

[M(H2O)4(OH)2]
[M(H2O)3(OH)3]
May get further reaction with excess NH3

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21
Q

What does the reaction of CO3 2- with M2+ and M3+ form

A

MCO3
[M(H2O)3(OH)3] + CO2 + H2O

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22
Q

What are the possible reagents for substitution reactions

A

XS or concentrated NH3
Cl- (concentrated HCl)

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23
Q

What does the reaction with XS NH3 form

Study These Flashcards
A

Amine complexes

24
Q

What does the reaction with Cl- form

Study These Flashcards
A

Chloro complexes

25
What happens during a redox reaction
The oxidation state of the metal is changed
26
What is the formula and colour of aqueous copper ion
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ = blue solution Equlibrium in water is: [Cu(H2O)6]2+ + H2O <> [Cu(H2O)5OH]+ + H30+
27
What is the reaction of Cu2+ with NaOH dropwise
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- <> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H20 Blue solution to Blue precipitate
28
What is the reaction of Cu2+ with NH3 dropwise
[Cu(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 <> [Cu(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+ Blue solution to Blue precipitate
29
What is the reaction of Cu2+ with excess NH3
[Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+ Very Deep Blue solution
30
What is the reaction of Cu2+ with Na2CO3
CuCO3 Green Precipitate
31
What is the reaction of Cu2+ with concentrated HCl
[CuCl4]2- Yellow/Green solution
32
What is the Formula and colour of aqueous Fe2+ ion
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + H2O <> {Fe(H2O)5OH]+ + H3O+ Green Solution
33
What is the reaction of Fe2+ with NaOH dropwise
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2OH- <> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2H2O Green solution to green/grey precipitate Dirty Green
34
What is the reaction Fe2+ with NH3 dropwise
[Fe(H2O)6]2+ + 2NH3 <> [Fe(H2O)4(OH)2] + 2NH4+ Green Solution to green/grey Precipitate
35
What is the reaction of Fe2+ with Na2CO3
FeCO3 Green precipitate Maybe slightly grey
36
What is the formula and colour of aqueous Fe3+ ion
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + H2O <> [Fe(H2O)5OH]2+ + H3O+ [Fe(H2O)6]3+ = Pale Violet {Fe(H2O)5OH]+ = Yellow/Brown
37
What is the reaction of Fe3+ with NaOH dropwise
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- <> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O Red/Brown Precipitate
38
What is the reaction of Fe3+ with NH3 dropwise
[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 <> [Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+ Red/Brown Precipitate
39
What is the reaction of Fe3+ with Na2CO3
2[Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- <> 2[Fe(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3CO2 + 3H2O Red/Brown Precipitate
40
What is the Formula and colour of aqueous Al3+ ion
[Al(H2O)6]3+ + H2O <> [Al(H2O)5OH]2+ + H3O+ Colourless Solution
41
What is the reaction of Al3+ with NaOH dropwise
[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3OH- <> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3H2O White precipitate
42
What is the reaction of Al3+ with excess NaOH
[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 4OH- <> [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]- + 4H2O Colourless Solution
43
What is the reaction of Al3+ with NH3 dropwise
[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3NH3 <> [Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3NH4+ White Precipitate
44
What is the reaction of Al3+ with excess NH3
[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] White precipitate
45
What is the reaction of Al3+ with Na2CO3
2[Al(H2O)6]3+ + 3CO3 2- =2[Al(H2O)3(OH)3] + 3CO2 + 3H2O White Precipitate
46
What is the reaction of Co2+ with concentrated HCl
[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [CoCl4]2- Pink to Blue
47
What is the reaction of Co2+ with excess NH3
[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [Co(NH3)6]2+ Pink to yellowish brown solution
48
What is the reaction of Co2+ with NaOH
[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] Pink solution to blue/green precipitate that goes pink
49
What is the reaction of Co2+ with NH3 dropwise
[Co(H2O)6]2+ -> [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] Pink solution to blue/green precipitate that goes pink
50
What is the reaction of [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] with excess NH3
[Co(NH3)6]2+ Yellowish brown solution
51
What is the reaction of [Co(NH3)6]2+ with air or H2O2
[Co(NH3)6]3+ Dark Blue
52
What is the reaction of [Co(H2O)4(OH)2] with air or H2O2
[Co(H2O)3(OH)3] Pinkish/brown precipitate
53
What is the EDTA ion
EDTA 4-
54
What is the reaction of the Fe3+ ion with concentrated HCl
[FeCl4]- [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 4Cl- <-> [FeCl4]− + 6H2O
55
How do you convert Fe3+ into Fe2+
Zinc in acid

Chemistry A Level (20 decks)

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