Inspiration \Expiration

Question 1

What type of process is inspiration?

Answer 1

Active

Question 2

What is the primary muscle of inspiration?

Answer 2

Diaphragm

Question 3

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

Answer 3

Phrenic nerve (C3–C5)

Question 4

How does the diaphragm increase thoracic volume?

Answer 4

By descending and increasing vertical diameter

Question 5

Which muscles increase the transverse diameter of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 5

External intercostal muscles

Question 6

Which muscles assist in inspiration during exercise or distress?

Answer 6

Sternocleidomastoid

Question 7

What is the function of external intercostal muscles in breathing?

Answer 7

Increase transverse diameter via bucket-handle movement

Question 8

What is the pump-handle movement?

Answer 8

Movement that increases anteroposterior diameter of the thoracic cavity

Question 9

What is the bucket-handle movement?

Answer 9

Movement that increases transverse (lateral) diameter

Question 10

What type of process is quiet expiration?

Answer 10

Passive

Question 11

Why is quiet expiration passive?

Answer 11

Due to elastic recoil of lungs

Question 12

When does expiration become active?

Answer 12

During conditions like COPD or asthma

Question 13

What muscles are involved in active expiration?

Answer 13

Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

Question 14

How do abdominal muscles aid in expiration?

Answer 14

By pushing the diaphragm upward and compressing lungs

Question 15

What is the role of internal intercostal muscles in expiration?

Answer 15

Pull ribs downward and inward

Question 16

Which muscle is primarily responsible for quiet inspiration?

Answer 16

Diaphragm

Question 17

Which muscles are used in quiet inspiration?

Answer 17

Diaphragm and external intercostals

Question 18

What muscle increases vertical diameter during quiet inspiration?

Answer 18

Diaphragm

Question 19

What muscle increases lateral diameter during quiet inspiration?

Answer 19

External intercostal muscles

Question 20

Which muscle increases anteroposterior diameter during quiet inspiration?

Answer 20

External intercostals (pump-handle movement)

Question 21

What muscle contraction increases lung volume?

Answer 21

Diaphragm

Question 22

Which muscles are used in forceful inspiration?

Answer 22

Diaphragm SCM, External intercostal, Serratus anterior & Scalene
muscle

Question 23

Which muscle is involved in deep forceful inspiration?

Answer 23

External intercostal muscles

Question 24

What muscle contracts during forced expiration?

Answer 24

Abdominal muscles (e.g. Rectus abdominal)

Question 25

Which muscle is responsible for forceful expiration?

Answer 25

Internal intercostal

Question 26

In a patient with multiple rib fractures and paradoxical breathing which muscles assist respiration?

Answer 26

External oblique

Question 27

If a bullet damages the mid-cervical spinal cord which breathing muscle may be paralyzed?

Answer 27

Diaphram

Question 28

What causes neonatal respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 28

Lack of surfactant