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Pulmonology > Lung Volumes > Flashcards

Lung Volumes Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

What is Tidal Volume (TV or VT)?

A

Volume inspired or expired with each normal breath.

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2
Q

What is the normal tidal volume in a healthy adult?

A

0.5 L

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3
Q

What is the average tidal volume in a newborn weighing 2.3 kg?

A

15 mL

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4
Q

What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)?

A

Volume that can be inspired over and above the tidal volume.

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5
Q

What is Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)?

A

Volume that can be expired after the expiration of tidal volume.

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6
Q

What is Residual Volume (RV)?

A

Volume that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration.

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7
Q

Which lung volume cannot be measured by spirometry?

A

Residual Volume

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8
Q

What is Inspiratory Capacity?

A

TV + IRV The total amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after normal expiration.

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9
Q

What is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)?

A

ERV + RV

Is the volume remaining in the lungs after a tidal volume is expired.

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10
Q

What is Vital Capacity (VC or FVC)?

A

IRV + TV + ERV

Is the volume of air that can be forcibly expired after a maximal inspiration.

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11
Q

What is Total Lung Capacity (TLC)?

A

TV + IRV + ERV + RV

Is the sum of all four lung volumes.
➤ Is the volume in the lungs after a maximal inspiration

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12
Q

What is another name for Residual Volume?

A

Volume of air left in the lungs after a forceful maximal expiration.

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13
Q

Which lung volume increases in obstructive lung disease?

A

Residual Volume

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14
Q

Which lung volume prevents the lungs from collapsing?

A

Residual Volume

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15
Q

What is the normal value of Residual Volume in a healthy adult?

A

Approximately 1200 mL

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16
Q

What is Functional Residual Capacity (FRC) also defined as?

A

Volume of air in lungs at the end of tidal expiration.

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17
Q

Which parameter is most likely increased in asthma and wheezy chest?

A

Functional Residual Capacity

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18
Q

Which condition increases FRC in obstructive but not restrictive lung disease?

A

Obstructive lung disease

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19
Q

What happens to FRC when respiratory muscles are relaxed?

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A

FRC remains in the lungs.

20
Q

At FRC how are intrapleural and lung recoil pressures related?

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A

Equal in magnitude but opposite in direction

21
Q

What happens to FRC in obesity?

22
Q

What is Vital Capacity?

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A

Maximum volume of air expired forcibly after maximal inspiration.

23
Q

What is another name for Vital Capacity?

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A

Volume of air maximally expired after deep inspiration.

24
Q

Vital capacity decreases in?

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A

Weakness of inspiratory muscles.

25
Vital capacity <80% occurs in?
Restrictive lung disease.
26
What reduces vital capacity?
Decreased total lung capacity.
27
What happens to TLC during pregnancy?
Decreases
28
What is the Total Lung Capacity of an adult male?
Approximately 6 liters.
29
What is dead space?
Portion of inspired air that doesn’t take part in gaseous exchange with blood.
30
What decreases dead space?
Tracheostomy
31
Dead space remains unchanged in?
Shallow breathing
32
What is the disadvantage of shallow breathing?
Decreases volume of air reaching alveoli.
33
Physiological dead space is often increased in?
Lung disease
34
Physiological dead space is increased in?
Hypotension
35
Which disease decreases physiological dead space?
Atelectasis
36
What causes increased dead space due to V/Q mismatch?
Ventilation/perfusion imbalance.
37
What increases dead space?
Emphysema
38
What decreases dead space?
Atelectasis
39
What diseases are associated with increased dead space?
Pneumonia ARDS, Bronchitis, Asthma, Cardiac Failure, Pulmonary Embolism
40
What is the function of respiratory dead space?
Filters humidifies, and warms the inspired air
41
What is another name for respiratory dead space's function?
Conditioning of inhaled air.
42
What is the formula for Inspiratory Capacity (IC)?
TV + IRV
43
What does inspiratory capacity represent?
The total amount of air that can be drawn into the lungs after a normal expiration
44
Inspiratory capacity is also asked as?
Max air you can inhale after normal exhale
45
What is another phrasing of Inspiratory Capacity often used in MCQs?
Max air you can inhale after normal exhale
46
Where are inspiratory neurons located?
Dorsal medullary center
47
Which lung volume is decreased in obese patients?
Inspiratory capacity

Pulmonology (5 decks)

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