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Fundamentals Pharmacology > Insulin > Flashcards

Insulin Flashcards

1
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A
  • No insulin
  • Develops abruptly during childbirth
  • Cannot be reversed w/ lifestyle modifications
  • Lifelong insulin replacement
  • Destruction of pancreas beta cells
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2
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A
  • Cellular resistance to insulin/impaired insulin action
  • Most common
  • Can be reversed w/weight loss & dietary changes
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3
Q

Hyperinsulinemia

A
  • Insulin resistance develops
  • Type 2 diabetes
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4
Q

Range for normal fasting blood glucose

A

74-106 mg/dl

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5
Q

Range for before meals blood glucose

A

70-130 mg/dl

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6
Q

Range for before sleep blood glucose

A

100-140 mg/dl

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7
Q

Indication of insulin in type 1 diabetes

A

Need insulin to survive and require multiple injections daily

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8
Q

Indication of insulin in type 2 diabetes

A

May need insulin depending on blood sugar levels & when under extreme stress

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9
Q

Rapid acting insulin names

A

Aspart, Gluilsine

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10
Q

Intermediate acting insulin name

A

NPH

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11
Q

Long acting insulin names

A

Glagrine, detemir, degludec

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12
Q

Therapeutic action of insulin

A

Promote the use of glucose by cells and promote storage of glucose as glycogen in the muscles

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13
Q

Contraindications of insulin

A
  • Hypersensitivity to the protein added during production
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Concurrent use of Rosiglitazone (oral diabetic)
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14
Q

Side effects of insulin

A
  • Headache
  • Injection site reaction
  • Lipodystrophy
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15
Q

Lipodystrophy

A

Direct anabolic effect of insulin on local skin leading to fat and protein synthesis

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16
Q

Adverse reactions to insulin

A
  • Hypoglycemia
  • Somogyi effect
  • Hypokalemia
  • Insulin shock
  • Anaphylaxis
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17
Q

Somogyi Effect

A

Wake up in middle of the night with low blood sugar levels that leads to high blood sugars in the morning

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18
Q

Rapid acting insulin types

A

Insulin lispro (Humalog)
Insulin aspart (Novolog)

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19
Q

Rapid acting insulin onset

A

10-30 minutes

20
Q

Rapid acting insulin peak

A

30 minutes-hour and a half

21
Q

Rapid acting insulin duration

A

3-5 hours

22
Q

Rapid acting considerations

A

Can be injected at the start of a meal

23
Q

Short acting insulin types

A

Humulin - Regular insulin
Novolin - Regular insulin

24
Q

Short acting onset

A

30 minutes

25
Q

Short acting peak

A

1-3.5 hours

26
Q

Short acting duration

A

4-12 hours

27
Q

Short acting considerations

A

-Usually injected 15-30 minutes before a meal
- Clear solution

28
Q

Intermediate insulin types

A
  • Humulin (NPH)
  • Novolin (NPH)
29
Q

Intermediate insulin onset

A

90 minutes

30
Q

Intermediate insulin peak

A

4-12 hours

31
Q

Intermediate insulin duration

A

14-24 hours

32
Q

Intermediate insulin considerations

A
  • Used to control glucose levels between meals
  • Can be combined with short-acting insulin
33
Q

Long acting insulin types

A
  • Insulin Glargine (Lantus)
  • Insulin Detemir (Levimir)
  • Insulin Degludec
34
Q

Long acting onset

A

60-120 minutes

35
Q

Long acting peak

A

0-12 hours

36
Q

Long acting duration

A

24-42 hours

37
Q

Long acting insulin considerations

A

Usually taken daily

38
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Low blood sugars

39
Q

Cold and clammy - need some candy!

A

Hypoglycemia

40
Q

Symptoms of hypoglycemia

A
  • Shaking
  • Sweating
  • Anxious/irritable
  • Dizzy/weak/fatigue
  • Hungry
  • Headache
  • Fast heart rate
  • Blurry vision
41
Q

Hypoglycemia blood sugar range

A

<70 mg/dl

42
Q

What kind of treatment for hypoglycemia?

A
  • Rapid treatment: fast acting-oral sugar
  • IV glucose or parenteral glucagon
43
Q

Complications of nonadherence

A

Hyperglycemia

44
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

High blood sugars

45
Q

Hot and dry - sugar high

A

Hyperglycemia

46
Q

Causes of hyperglycemia in diabetics

A
  • Illness/infection
  • Too much food
  • Inactivity
  • Too little or no diabetes meds
  • Physical or emotional stress
47
Q

Symptoms of hyperglycemia

A
  • Extreme thirst
  • Dry skin
  • Sleepy
  • Hungry
  • Slow-healing wounds
  • Frequent urination
  • Blurry vision

Fundamentals Pharmacology (11 decks)

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